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Lewis & Clark, 2008.
This paper discusses the expedition of Lewis and Clark across the North American continent in the early nineteenth century.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of the Lewis & Clark expedition. Specifically the writer discusses how the expedition came to be and looks at what findings with which the explorers returned. The writer explains that Lewis and Clark and their Corps of Discovery traveled across America to the Pacific Ocean between 1804 and 1806, and then returned east to report their findings. The writer notes that it was one of the greatest exploratory expeditions in American history, and it resulted in a much greater understanding of the lands "out west."
From the Paper
"He chose Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to lead the expedition, and asked Congress for the money to fund it ($2500). They chose 40 men to accompany them, trained them throughout the winter of 1803, and set off from St. Louis, Missouri in May 1804.
"Toussaint Charbonneau and his young wife, Sacagawea joined the expedition in North Dakota at the Mandan Indian settlement. Lewis & Clark hired Charbonneau, a French fur trapper, to act as a guide for the next leg of their journey, and he brought his wife and young son along. Sacagawea was a young Shoshone girl, who provided much help during the expedition."
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Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World., 2008.
A Critique of Jack Weatherford's "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World."
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that the term 'Indian giver' has come to be a synonym for someone who gives something, only to take it back. The paper further explains that it was the Indians who were forced to give to the Europeans--their knowledge about farming and fishing in the Americas and ultimately their land. The paper discusses that in Jack Weatherford's book, "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World," the exchange between Europeans and Native Americans was an unequal one, with Europeans taking of the positive benefits of the New World, while the Indians were doing all of the giving. The paper concludes that unwittingly, the Indians found themselves the recipient of the evils of European civilization, like slavery, and a disrespectful attitude to the land.
From the Paper
"According to Weatherford, the early post-Columbian contact of the Europeans with the native populace actually enabled the Industrial Revolution to change Europe, and ultimately the world. "Had Europe and America not come together through Columbus or some other connection, the industrial revolution would never have happened in the way we know it," because Europeans would never have gained access to the metals of the New World, or to Indian mines (Weatherford 57). This contact also generated the money economy of Europe and fueled a shift to a European economy based upon real, hard, convertible currency. Metal-based currency also was critical in fueling industrialism and world trade. By beginning the book with tales of South American encounters with Europe, which were particularly brutal and unequal from the beginning of the Indian-European relationship, Weatherford initiates a tragic tone, explaining how enslaved South American Indians mining gold and silver in Potosi supplied the precious metals for most of the European coins that generated wealth for the Old World at the expense of the liberty of the New World."
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'Tobacco Road', 2008.
This paper provides a review of the book 'Tobacco Road' by Erskine Caldwell.
2,835 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the book "Tobacco Road," by Erskine Caldwell. Specifically, the writer discusses the author's life and its effect on his writing of "Tobacco Road". Further, the writer provides criticisms of the novel and looks at the novel's place in literary history. The writer notes that "Tobacco Road" is probably one of the most enduring glimpses into a tragic part of America's history that has ever been written. The writer explains that profiling a poor white family from Georgia, it encapsulates the poverty and hunger these people faced, while using dark humor and pathos to portray the tragedy of their lives, and the gradual decline of any decency in their spirit. The paper includes over 10 pages of copied critiques on this subject.
Outline:
Introduction
Tobacco Road
References
From the Paper
"It seems the only one with any sense at all in the family is Pearl, and she has enough sense to want to get out and go to Augusta. She is also the most unusual character in the novel - she never speaks, and refuses to sleep with her husband, Lov. Early in the novel, the reader discovers Jeeter is not her father, and this explains why she is different, and why she wants to leave the area. Everyone else in the novel seems a bit dazed by what happens around them, just as Lov is dazed when he loses the turnips. Caldwell gives a sense of unreality to the novel, as if things are happing around the characters, and they do not understand why they happen, or how everything relates to them and their lives. It is as if they are walking through life - seeing it but not really taking part.
"Jeeter uses his children to further himself, no matter how shocking this may be. He sold Pearl to Lov for seven dollars and some household items, and is absolutely enthralled with Ellie May's sexual seduction of Lov so Jeeter can grab the turnips. He also in effect sells his son Dude to Sister Bessie Rice for a car and the chance to get his firewood to market. Jeeter is always full of hope, but he is so scheming and lazy he can never get past the hoping stage."
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Native-American Indian Health-Related Problems, 2008.
Examines alcoholism, HIV, suicide and the subsequent risk factors for other health-related problems within the Native-American Indian culture.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper is a review of peer-reviewed literature to determine current incidence and subsequent risk factors for health-related problems among Native-Americans today. The author concludes that, because Native-Americans remain at a higher risk of HIV, alcoholism and suicide than their white counterparts with incidences even higher than for many other American minority groups, there is a growing consensus among healthcare experts and lawmakers at all levels that something must be done to correct this situation.
Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Cultural Issues Affecting Native-American Healthcare
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Even those Native-Americans fortunate enough to have healthcare providers from their own tribes who are familiar with these cultural perspectives are faced with some issues that are unique to their heritage and culture. For example, in some cases, healthcare providers have been fired from their positions with the state for participating in religious rituals involving the use of peyote and have even been denied unemployment benefits as well. According to Kellhofer (2001), in one case that went to the Supreme Court (Employment Division vs. Smith, 494 U.S. 872, 1990), dealt with the use of peyote."
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Mission San Francisco de Asis (Dolores), 2008.
Looks at the archeology, architecture and history surrounding the Mission San Francisco de Asis (Dolores).
3,800 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the Mission San Francisco de Asis or Mission Dolores, located at nearly the geographic center of what is now San Francisco. The paper relates that the Mission is one of 21 of the original Spanish Missions constructed to foster Spanish control over the region and it is the oldest intact nave structure in California and the oldest building in San Francisco, having survived the 1906 earthquake. The paper also points out that this location is said to be the original site of a Native0American village of the Ohlone Nation called Chutchui. Additionally, the paper describes the rich fusion of Spanish, Mexican and American history surrounding this mission. Two photographs are included with the paper.
From the Paper
"The cemetery has never been desecrated but has had regional periodical re-internment and moving of bodies for various city projects. The rich history of some of those interred is of course limited to the white, as this was what was of interest to the people in the 19th century, when many of the local interest stories about the cemetery became popular. Famous governors of California and renegades of the region are buried there in addition to the Native burials and the friars of the Franciscan order who toiled and died there."
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Modern Indians and Traditions, 2008.
A discussion of how Indians have maintained their traditions in various ways.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Indian nations have attempted to maintain oral Indian traditions in various ways. The paper explains that the value of understanding the diversity and collective of the Indian culture is paramount to understanding the way in which modern Indians have resisted losing their native cultures. The paper also looks at how the language issue is addressed in nearly every Indian education system through a bilingual or submersion technique. The paper then points out that Reservations also serve as a center for the expression of ceremonies, dances, beliefs and customs.
From the Paper
"Some Indian nations retained their oral traditions and handed down the seeds of this information to the later generations through a largely oral tradition. So, against all odds there are still Indians who understand their heritage and many modern movements have doggedly attempted to retell and transmit tradition to later generations and to others who are interested in this revival of heritage. The traditions of the past include many varied languages, beliefs, ceremonies, dances and customs. Each nation has made attempts to rekindle the expression of their cultures."
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A Review of "Deadly Medicine", 2008.
A book review of "Deadly Medicine: Indians and Alcohol in Early America" by Peter C. Mancall.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a critique of Peter C. Mancall's book "Deadly Medicine: Indians and Alcohol in Early America". The paper calls Mancall's work an informative and contextually important book, which meets the challenge of providing a balanced historical account of the Native-American experience with alcohol. The paper maintains that Mancall's focus on a historical, rather than anthropological or scientific, view is ambitious and occasionally problematic but does provide a fair account. The paper praises his attempt not to stray into stereotypical assumptions, but rather to find out the causes and effects of the colonial alcohol trade by examining all available source material. It concludes that, rather than summarizing the arguments of those who came before him, Mancall offers a fresh account because he is working directly from primary sources and highly relevant secondary sources.
From the Paper
"Mancall's book provides a fresh viewpoint in what currently exists in the subject's literature. It is obvious that he was aware of what had already been covered, as he explains the stereotypes most common to the literature and addresses a number of the current claims and theories. Indeed, a number of the books that cover the subject of Native Americans and alcohol appear in Mancall's cited sources."
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Alternative Sexualities in Native Americans, 2008.
A discussion on how reading Hugh Dempsey's chapter "
They Acted Like Women" from "The Vengeful Wife and Other Blackfoot Stories" changes our understanding of alternative sexualities in Native Americans.
2,225 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Chapter 5 of Hugh Dempsey's work "The Vengeful Wife and Other Blackfoot Stories" and how changes our perception of homosexuality in Native American tribes. The paper relates that this chapter, entitled "They Acted Like Women", dispels many myths and stereotypes and gives the reader a better understanding of the underlying causes of the various gender roles in Native American society. The paper concludes that Dempsey makes the Westernized reader step out of their world and out of their own biases. He allows the reader to explore gender differences from a much different perspective than other western authors
Outline:
Gender and Gender Roles
Towards an Egalitarian Society
Biology or Sociology?
From the Paper
"Native American culture is much more flexible in its interpretation of lifestyle variations. The focus of Native American society was on the roles that a person played within he tribe and daily activities, than on sexual behavior. Dempsey explores some of the various roles and examples of men and women that deviated from the norm. Native American society allowed for a definition of gender that was neither male nor female, yet encompassed the roles of both at the same time.
"Dempsey examines the variations of gender roles that existed within Native American society. His exploration makes us realize that there are many more ways to define gender roles than our limited Western vocabulary allows. "Berdache" is the word used to describe individuals of a definitive physiological sex who take on the status and role of the opposite sex (Dempsey, 2003). There are a number of sexual preferences out of the norm that fall into this category. This category encompasses homosexuals, transvestites, or simply one who shows strong characteristics of the opposite sex."
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Native-American Literature and Race Relations, 2008.
This paper discusses a number of Native-American short stories relating to the themes of culture, dignity and self-respect.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the themes of culture, dignity and self-respect in Native-American short stories. "Borders" by Thomas King, for example, is a short story about a mother and a boy who belong to the Blackfoot tribe living on a Canadian reservation. The story is told from the boy's perspective and is a remembrance of an experience he and his mother endured while trying to cross the border between Canada and the United States. Other stories analyzed within this paper include "How to Write the Great American Indian Novel" by Sherman Alexie, "Captivity" by Lousie Erdrich, "Captivity" by Lousie Erdrich and "Indian Boarding School: The Runaways" by Lousie Erdrich.
From the Paper
"To analyze 'How to Write the Great American Indian Novel' by Sherman Alexie, it is important to understand the term 'horse culture' because it is a metaphor mentioned throughout the piece time and time again. The term horse culture is metaphorically used to sarcastically imply a superior culture--stronger, braver, more prosperous, and more beautiful.
"The term 'half-breed' is also used over and over again. The author mentions that the hero should be a half-breed--half white, and half Indian. This implies that being half white makes the Native American look less ethic, more commercially appealing, more acceptable as a human being to the dominant white culture. The author further brings this message home by saying that the Indian woman '...should be compared to nature: brown hills, mountains, fertile valleys, dewy grass, wind, and clear water.' Here he is trying to emphasize a Caucasian commercialized perception of a beautiful Native American woman--something from Disney's Pocahontas--not a real woman."
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American Indian Tribes, 2008.
Discusses the meaning of sovereign powers to American Indian tribes.
4,245 words (approx. 17.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that today the American Indian tribes are believed to have sovereign powers, which can be characterized as independent from both the federal and state governments. Therefore, they are considered to be a nation within a nation under the current American legal system. The writer points out that there are, however, limitations to the tribes' jurisdiction. The paper concludes that, as evidenced by the stand off at Wounded Knee and numerous other historical events, it is clear that Native-American Indians desire real authority over their own relations amongst themselves and perceive themselves as degraded by the lack of full sovereignty.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Challenges of Native American Sovereignty
Wounded Knee
Conclusion: The Future of Native American Sovereignty
From the Paper
"In the end, the events at Wounded Knee were exceedingly far more traumatic for Native American Indians in this country than it was for the white American population. The Wounded Knee incident was a direct result of the near-century long inability for Native Americans to come to an agreement with the majority population on the issue of sovereignty within their lands. The form of tribal government that had been granted to the Natives was thus not efficient in solving problems on reservations."
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