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The Mohave and the Chemehuevi, 2005.
Examines the past and the present of two American Indian tribes of California.
1,476 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the history, social organization, and customs of two California tribes: The Mohave and the Chemehuevi. The scope of the paper includes a review of the current status of the two tribes.
From the Paper
"The American Indian tribes are the original immigrants of the continent of America. In fact, the people of these tribes are of old Eastern origin, believed to be descendants of the Mongloid race in Asia. Over a period of thousands of years, these tribes gradually populated the unoccupied Western Hemisphere, from the Bering Strait to the southern most tip of South America, and from coast to coast. These first settlers were not savages and, in fact, possessed ancient knowledge about the laws of the universe and nature. They developed varying types of social organization and mechanisms, which satisfied their choice of environment and preferred manner of living, in harmony with nature (Dutton 1983: xix-xx). It is the objective of this paper to discuss the history, customs, and social organization, both past and present, of two of the American Indian tribes that settled in the West, namely, the Mohave and the Chemehuevi."
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Father Eusebio Kino, 2004.
A report on the Spanish missionary, Father Eusebio Kino.
2,594 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper describes some of the accomplishments of Father Eusebio Kino, his influence on a great many individuals in the Western portion of the United States, and provides an historical account of his life and career.
Introduction
Life Before the Priesthood
Life Range
His Life's Work
From the Paper
"Father Kino?s family name was originally Chini but he adopted Kino after college. Kino was a scholar first. His education consisted of several universities including Trent and later Hall near Innsbruck. His educational pursuits also took him to several excellent Universities such as Landsberg, Ingolstadt, Innsbruck, Munich and Oehingen. He had already distinguished himself in several fields of study including mathematics, cartography, and astronomy in Germany. He was a distinguished mathematician and also observed the comet of 1680?81 at C?diz, where he published his discovery in his ?Exposici?n astron?mica de el [sic] cometa.? He also taught mathematics for a short while at the University of Ingolstadt. As is the case with many European citizens, he was gifted in multiple languages including Italian, Spanish Swiss, German and French. This ability to speak multiple languages helped him later acquire the local American Indian languages and dialects."
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Genocide or Clash of Cultures?, 2004.
A discussion of whether the cultural decimation of the American Indian was caused by a clash of cultures or genocide.
1,561 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how facts and documentation all point to the genocide of the American Indians and indigenous culture, as opposed to a mere clash of cultures, and how arguing against this by using facile sociological theories of cultural change and adaptation is simply to mask the reality of history. It looks at how the reality of the genocide of the American Indians is a part of a history that should be examined and exposed, as it provides important lessons in intolerance and understanding. If these historical realities are ignored or transmuted by false theories and perceptions, the danger exists that these tragic events may be condoned and even repeated in other forms and histories in the future.
From the Paper
"While documented evidence of genocide is a historical fact, some still view the genocide of American Indians simply as a minor, inevitable tension between different cultures, which forms a part of history. Supporting this belief is Vice-President Dick Cheney who is of the opinion that the history of the American Indian is the result of a clash of cultures rather than genocide. Addressing students Cheney told the audience he did not believe the mass extermination of the American Indian population that took place from 1492 until the late 1800s could be considered genocide. It was merely a clash of cultures that occurred for a brief period and was perpetuated by Europeans . (Grim R.) The theory of the clash of cultures implies a fusion and integration of cultures and a more benign sense of social and historical development."
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The Lewis and Clark Expedition, 2004.
This paper discusses the relationship of the Native American tribes and the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Lewis and Clark managed to adhere to their objectives for the expedition handed out by Jefferson, including proclaiming American sovereignty in the West, advancing American trade, and promoting peace between Indian tribes, while attempting to establish a peaceful and profitable relationship with the Native American tribes. The author points out that, during their expedition, Lewis and Clark encountered nearly 50 Native American tribes, each with distinct and often characteristic responses to the white presence; some tribes provided the expedition with a great deal of assistance, others hindering the expedition. The paper relates that the expedition's plans to bring peace between the Indian tribes meant that the Americans would provide guns to the Nez Perces and the Shoshones; the Blackfoot opposed this plan, fearing that it would hurt their power in the region; therefore. the Blackfoot warriors tried to steal the expedition's guns.
From the Paper
"Promoting peace between the Native American tribes was a complex process for which Lewis and Clark were little prepared. The Lewis and Clark expedition came upon the American Natives long after complex and lengthy histories of intertribal warfare had developed, making any intervention by the expedition temporary at best, and futile, at worst. The intricate trade network systems among the native tribes played an enormous role in the relative successes and failures of Lewis and Clark's inroads into Native American culture. Lewis and Clark knew little of the complexities of trade among the tribes, including the demanding and complex trade alliances between the Assiniboine and Manda/Hidata, and the trade between the Arikara and Teon Sioux."
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Role of Education in Society, 2004.
A look at racial bias and bigotry in the U.S. educational system and what can be done to eliminate it.
1,357 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the tendency in the U.S. educational system to force non-mainstream cultures to conform to the established mainstream culture and how this is the primary means by which education contributes to the development and preservation of bigotry and prejudice. The paper also looks at how, if done properly, education can instead be used to help overcome racist, bigoted, and hate-inducing ideas in society and, actually, honor multiculturalism and diversity.
From the Paper
"The education system in the United States has a long history of ethnic segregation, both formal (adjudicated by law) and informal. It has been argued that segregated programs are based on the idea of de-culturizing the student, rather than incorporating the culture in question into the learning experience. This is done through a program designed to eliminate the native language and culture. For instance, there have been times when the education system has eliminated or simply ignored the laws concerning attendance, especially in the case of Mexican American farm workers? children who were needed to work in agriculture during planting and harvest seasons (Spring, 2003)."
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Native American Gambling Revenues, 2004.
An analysis of the political disagreement regarding the revenue generated from casinos on Native American reservations.
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the political storm surrounding the state's wish that the revenues that are generated from the casinos run by Native Americans be shared with the state. It discusses the political background of laws and legislation in negotiation regarding this issue.
From the Paper
"In March, Ron Johnson, vice president of the Prairie Island Tribal Council, remarked, ?We were given a compact from the state in good faith ... I think it was assumed we wouldn't succeed in gaming. Now you have the bad economy and successful Indian casinos, and they want part of what we have? (Lopez Pp). House Speaker Steve Sviggum, responded, saying that times have changed, and the state budget has pressing needs, and that basically it wasn?t fair that other states were receiving gaming resources, while Minnesota received nothing (Lopez Pp). Henry Buffalo, the tribe?s counsel, replied that the tribes are not responsible for the economic problems, nor are they the solution, that they have continuing employment, ?with 14,000 jobs statewide and 30,000 jobs indirectly by gaming? (Lopez Pp). Johnson pointed out that they were the largest employers in Goodhue County, with one in fifteen jobs attributed to the casino and warned that expansion could create layoffs, thus creating an even higher unemployment rate (Lopez Pp). Sviggum also chastised the gaming tribes for not sharing revenue with other tribes (Lopez Pp). Buffalo explained that it was up to the tribes on how they use their revenues to move forward and take care of their own communities (Lopez Pp). And to ban video gaming would ?eliminate thousands of jobs and force us back onto welfare rolls? said Johnson (Lopez Pp)."
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Native American Spirituality and Traditions, 2004.
Discusses the traditions and spirituality of the Eastland Woodlands Native Americans.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The Woodlands people lived in three main areas, the upper Great Lakes and Ohio River valley, the Lower Great Lakes, and the coastal region. This paper examines some of the traditions of these Native American groups, as well as their spiritual beliefs. It looks at their connection to the land, their reverence for all living things, and naming traditions. The paper also touches on the artifacts that accompanied their spiritual rituals.
From the Paper
"But for Native Americans, names referred more to spiritual qualities. Lakota men might receive their adult name because of a dream or from something they saw in a ?vision quest,? a purposeful spiritual retreat. Or they could be named for a wondrous deed or a horrid misdeed. No matter how the adult name arose, however, it meant more than Tom, Dick or Harry. The name was meant to draw a connection between the physical person receiving the name and the spiritual things inside and outside of that person."
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Louise Erdrich's Poem, "Dear John Wayne", 2004.
A look at the symbolic and thematic elements of Erdrich's poem about assimilation and immigration into a culture defined by racism.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Erdrich's use of diction, image, tone, metaphor, irony, theme, and symbol in her poem, "Dear John Wayne", which describes the white culture's extortion of land and culture from a Native American perspective.
From the Paper
"The poem begins with a description of group of young Native American men lying on the hood of a Pontiac car, watching the face of John Wayne as he defeats a group of Indians in a spaghetti western. Here, John Wayne, the American cowboy, himself symbolizes the white invasion of the west, and the white man's taking of Native culture and land. Wayne himself is the ultimate fighter against the Indians, the individualistic and rugged cowboy that symbolizes the white desire for land and power. The poem describes "hordes of mosquitoes", which represent the white invasion, and their relentless attacks and numbers that make them largely unstoppable."
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Captivity of Settlers, 2004.
A discussion of the captivity of three white settlers by Native Americans.
1,021 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the captivity periods of Mary Rowlandson, Hannah Dustin, and Mary Jamison and how they each coped with captivity in their own way. It explains how the stories of their captivity revealed the much of the customs among Native Americans, especially through the greatly different treatment afforded to the three women.
From the Paper
"Mary White Rowlandson, wife of Puritan minister Joseph Rowlandson, was captured by native Americans in February of 1676. During this time, King Philip, the leader of the Wampanoag tribe of southern Massachusetts organized a rebellion against the incursion of white settlers on native land. In total 23 settlers were captured, and 13 people were killed, including Mary's brother-in-law, sister, nieces and nephews. Mary's six-year old daughter died on the trip, and Mary and her other children were sold as a slaves to different masters. Mary made herself useful by sewing and mending clothes for her captors, and was eventually ransomed in May of 1676 for to English settlers for 20 pounds, and reunited with her husband (Lancaster Online; About.com)."
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Native Americans, 2004.
This paper discusses the past history and present condition of Native American tribes.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Native American tribes lost sovereignty over their lands, which were considered sacred to them, because the colonists and, later, the U.S. wanted the valuable resources on the land and needed the space for their own populous growth. The author explains that the constant uphill battle to gain independence has led to many Native Americans feeling abandoned by the government as they try to improve their reservations and preserve their history and ancestors? way of life. The paper relates that there are very few present day ?heroes? for a young Native American growing up in a poverty-stricken area of a struggling reservation.
From the Paper
"Native American communities not only struggle with high levels of unemployment and poverty, but are also affected by alcoholism, depression, obesity, and other health and mental health related issues that far exceed any other minority in the United States. This is startling to imagine that a whole community of people is affected by such difficulties, solely because they are unable to gain their own independence. Some may argue that there are other factors that contribute to these facts, but it is a vicious circle, enabled by a system of government that is more interested in their own economic gains and livelihood."
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