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Women, Islam, and Human Rights, 2008.
This paper argues that women who are practicing Muslims need to become interested in civil rights because they are in the best position to effect change in Muslim society.
907 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a look at the oppressive treatment of women in Mulsim societies and how this oppressive treatment took root. The paper then points out how Muslim women who recognize the civil rights abuses under many current Islamist regimes, remove themselves from Muslim society, which makes them unable to affect other Muslims. Consequently, these women cannot necessarily effect a change within Muslim society. The paper argues that women who are practicing Muslims are precisely the people who need to become interested in civil rights. In fact, women in Islam need to work for human rights, before there are no Muslim women left who believe in human rights. The paper concludes that by refusing to stand up to the unjust deprivation of their basic human freedoms, Muslim women are allowing people to corrupt their religion. Therefore, the preservation of Islam is the strongest argument for Muslim women working for Human Rights.
From the Paper
"First, it is important to note that, in its purest form, Islam may be the least-sexist of the world's major religions. Even the hijab, which is seen by many Westerners as a sign of anti-female oppression, was not initially intended as a means of suppressing women. On the contrary, the hijab was seen as a temporary solution to an increase in anti-female violence, meant as a stop-gap measure until men gained the appropriate self-control. However, cultural norms interfered. Like all cultures, Muslim culture sprang from a background of sexism. Purist ideals that were meant to elevate women to the status of equal were twisted and perverted to be used as a means of suppressing women. In fact, women faced a serious problem; because the subjugation of women was so intertwined into daily practice and absorbed into the religion, to question the role of women in Muslim society was oftentimes seen as questioning the existence of Allah. Therefore, many women suffered silently, internalizing Islam's negative teachings about women."
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HIV/AIDS in Society, 2008.
A literature review on behavior interventional strategies for adolescents and youths.
4,000 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a literature review on programs available to educate young people about HIV/AIDS. The paper examines some of the approaches being taken today and how effective they have been. The paper also attempts to show some of the ways in which the efficacy of these program has been tested and to suggest where more study is needed to improve these programs and make them as effective as possible, with the ultimate goal being to change risky behavior and so to reduce the incidence of HIV infection.
Outline:
Background
Objectives
Selection Criteria
Search Strategy
Methods of the Review
Description of Studies and Results
Methodological Quality
Discussion and Conclusions
From the Paper
"The author analyzes recent literature investigating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behavior among street youth, finding that prevalence rates of both adolescent homelessness and HIV seropositivity are unknown but that data from a number of samples document a high prevalence of HIV risk behavior, sexually transmitted diseases, and alcohol/drug use among homeless adolescents. A number of individual and social factors are associated with street survival and may also propel adolescents toward high-risk behavior. Unfortunately, for some adolescents, testing HIV positive is seen as advantageous in the procurement of basic needs such as food and shelter. Any HIV risk-reduction interventions must consider the cause of homelessness, access to and participation in shelter services, and individual factors (such as the effects of sexual orientation and ethnicity) that often have not been systematically included in previous research. HIV risk for many homeless adolescents derives directly from their state of homelessness, and national policies and funding are therefore needed to address the health needs of these youth. How effective such programs may be depends on how they are shaped, how they are presented, and the precise nature of the social situation."
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The Homosexual Community, 2008.
Presents a research proposal to compare the attitudes and perceptions of older and younger members of the homosexual community.
4,370 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal to compare points of view of the current generation of homosexuals and lesbians with those of the older generation to see what the different concerns may be and to consider why these changes have come to pass. The paper makes the assumption that the position of gays in American society has changed over the last three decades or so and that much of the militancy in the gay community has been successful enough to achieve greater acceptance, a reduction in discrimination (at least in most communities), and that the concerns that come to the fore today are different from those that were given most emphasis in the same community in the past.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
The Problem and Its Components
Introduction
Problem Background
Literature Review
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Limitations/Delimitations
Definitions
Importance of the Study
Review of Literature
Methodology
Procedures
Data Processing and Analysis
From the Paper
"One of the major changes for the younger generation over the generation from the 1960s and 1970s is the spread of AIDS. In many cases, AIDS serves as an impetus and rationale for controlling marginal groups and dangerous behaviors and provides society with the opportunity to expand and rationalize control over a broad range of psychological phenomena and interpersonal behaviors. Social control today involves dispersed centers and agents of surveillance and discipline throughout the whole community (as occurs with workplace drug testing)."
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Gender Identity Disorder, 2008.
A look at the clinical diagnosis of gender identity disorder, the cause and prevalence of the disorder, and controversies within the counseling profession related to gender identity disorder.
1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper reports the diagnostic criteria and typical course of gender identity disorder including the theories of this disorder and the etiology and prevalence of this disorder. Evidence-based treatments found to be most effective are also reported as well as a consensus and controversies of the disorder in this field of study.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Clinical Diagnosis
Cause and Prevalence of GID
Controversies in the Field
Evidence-Based Therapies
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Duncan Osborne entitled: "Voices- Identity Crisis" relates the condition and the controversies very well in a story that tells of a five-year-old boy whom he treated. Later the child was treated as an adult. Osborne relates that generally these children who have been diagnosed with gender identity disorder grow up to be homosexual. Osborne reports a study conducted in the early 1980's by Green who finds that, among 44 such boys with gender identity disorder that: "...75% were either gay or bisexual and one wanted sex reassignment.""
According to Osborne, Psychologist Kenneth J. Zucker, head of Toronto's Child and Adolescent Gender Identity Service at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, is a "leading GID expert who has seen roughly 625 children or adolescents since 1978." (2003) According to Osborne, Zucker states that: "The majority of kids will have resolved their gender dysphoria and identify themselves as gay. We're also going to find that around 15% have a significant gender dysphoria that has persisted into adolescence and young adulthood to the point where they are wanting sex reassignment. If we add on to that a small minority of kids who report being heterosexual, we're seeing a real range of outcomes." (Osborne, 2
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"Why Can't He Hear What I'm Saying?", 2008.
A review of Deborah Tannen's "Why Can't He Hear What I'm Saying?" that contrasts the different communication styles of men and women.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper asserts that Deborah Tannen in her essay "Why Can't He Hear What I'm Saying?" confirms most readers' everyday experience of communication with compelling stories as well as convincing theories. The paper explains Tannens theory that both the man and the woman are listening to one another, but because they have been taught different ways of communicating, different values and to have different purposes when speaking, they feel as if they are not communicating.
The paper concludes that learning about the differences in communication between the genders teaches men and women that everyone is different, that differences are not necessarily bad and ultimately makes both men and women better listeners.
From the Paper
"In her work, Tannen writes that the differences between men and women in communication styles can be seen early on, when little boys and girls are playing on the playground. "Little girls tend to play in small groups" (124) Although boys and girls may play together, the games that only girls play often don't have an objective, like jump rope or hopscotch. "Girls like to play cooperatively" (134). The point of these games is to help others by turning the rope, letting others take their turns, and engaging in fun songs, for the sake of talking, not for the sake of winning or beating someone else. "Little boys tend to play in larger groups" (134)."
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Social Work Practice wth Lesbian Gay and Bisexual People, 2008.
An overview of social work practices in the gay world.
1,035 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper sets out to research the social work practice with lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals with specific focus on the special population in relation to the problem that the social worker faces in assisting these individuals. Two social agencies and the problems that they encounter on a daily basis in dealing with these individuals are reviewed as well as the national and legislative actions relative to the problems.
Objective
Introduction
National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Standards
Factors Identified by other Professionals
Social Workers Support LSB Issues in Legislation
Center for Workforce Studies
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Appleby and Anastas entitled: 'Not Just a Passing Phase: Social Work with Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual People" relates that a range of everyday problems for gay, lesbian and bisexual people exists including oppression, family acceptance, shame, identity development, HIV disease and addiction. (1999)
"The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) "believes that the same-gender sexual orientation should b afforded the same respect and rights as other-gender sexual orientation." (2007) Furthermore, NASW holds a commitment to working to eliminate prejudice and discrimination based on an individual's sexual orientation inside and outside the social workers profession."
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Medieval Epic Literature, 2008.
Looks at gender ideals in medieval epic literature as presented in "Beowulf", "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" and Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales".
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the medieval masculine and feminine ideals are very well represented in three major texts of English literature: "Beowulf", "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" and Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales". The main heroes and their female companions in these three texts share very important features, both physically and psychically, which indicates that there is a pattern in medieval literature regarding the essential characteristics of a virtuous individual. The author contends that the main necessary features for the male hero are honor, prowess, valor and purity of heart; however, the female characters, who are also very virtuous, pure and extremely beautiful, are passive characters that serve only as instruments to men's actions.
From the Paper
"The male ideal briefly sketched above is complemented by the female ideal of such characters as Wealhtheow, King Hrothgar's wife in "Beowulf", or Guinevere, King Arthur's wife. Both are perfect beauties and virtuous, gentle persons. However, they are no more than icons, without a real importance. Although Wealhtheow seems to play a role in the poem as she makes two speeches in important moments of the action and performs ritualistic acts, she is actually just an instrument in the very masculine world of the epic. Women do no play a role as such in the medieval society, although they can have some value as emblems for purity and beauty."
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Los Angeles Lakers, 2008.
A review of the rise of the Los Angeles Lakers and the emergence of African-American sports stars as cultural icons for masculinity development.
3,208 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
The paper comments that African-American culture has evolved significantly in the past two decades and while the overall socio-economic conditions of African-Americans within the United States have changed substantially for the better, their cultural and institutional instincts can only be subjectively understood. The paper states that one of the growing phenomenons of this era is the emergence of sports, not only as part of their cultural legacy, but as a defining factor in masculinity. This paper looks at the cultural phenomenon of black masculinity as it is defined through the evolution of basketball into an almost defining form of masculinity within African-American culture. The paper states that basketball has transcended the development of networks and social apparatus to become an institutional concept of identity for the black community. The paper notes further that not only has it impacted youth but it is in the process of redefining traditional African-American values and attitudes.
From the Paper
"The unprecedented success of the Lakers' three championship runs had many consequences on the media, the players, and the youth culture that thrived on their heroes' achievements. Michael Jordan once jokingly told Chicago Tribune reporter Bob Greene, "The media's crazy, they never let you go. It's like once they start following you, there's no more privacy". Although Kobe Bryant and the Lakers did not garner the same media blitz that Jordan endured throughout his career, they definitely felt the glitz and glamour of public adoration. Kobe subsequently made twelve commercials for Reebok in the year after their first championship. He signed multimillion dollar contracts with four different companies including one with Adidas for 80 million dollars. Magazines from ESPN to GQ all fought to feature him, as his reputation and name became part of the image of American basketball."
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Women in Central America, 2008.
This paper looks at the role of women in Central America and the social background.
1,715 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the role of women in the Central America area is complicated. The writer notes that on the one hand, women are not given the same rights as men and are also treated by the Church and society in a paternal fashion. On the other hand, many women in such societies work more often side by side with men in the fields and in some urban work situations, though they tend to be under-represented in higher level positions, in business, and in the professions. The writer points out that more and more analysts are recognizing, however, that women in Central America may be a key factor in bringing about change for the future.
Outline:
Social Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Business Strategy
From the Paper
"The shift has been one from a strategic to a more pragmatic perspective as well. The one approach prepares women for a role in development by teaching them skills and providing them with needed goods and tools for the tasks of caring for the family, for instance, while the other takes the approach of gender mainstreaming, which means using strategies and processes to integrate gender-responsive goals in directions, policies, budget, projects, and services of development agencies. The approach tries to assure that men and women have equitable access to needed resources, among which might be socially valued goods, opportunities, and rewards. GAD also implies equal participation in influencing what is valued in a society and in helping to shape development, taking a role in planning, priority setting, policies, processes, implementation, evaluation, and resource allocations."
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Gender in "Twelfth Night", 2008.
This paper explores Shakespeare's gender constructions and cross-dressing in the play "Twelfth Night".
2,016 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper explores Shakespeare's gender disguise that distorted female identity and investigates early modern constructions of gender as distinct from sexual difference. The paper examines the play "Twelfth Night" in order to show how it was Shakespeare's intention to challenge gender taboos of the Elizabethan age.
From the Paper
"Considered by critics as Shakespeare's best achievement in the comic genre, the play Twelfth Night or, What You Will affords an elaborate exploration of love and power relationships, gender roles and taboos. Identity poses highly confounding problems, as there are numerous layers to the characters' gender roles and their maze-like relationships and (homo) erotic affinities. Through a range of female characters and the implications of (wo)man disguises, Shakespeare exposes gender issues. Several heroines of the comedies appear in disguise on the Renaissance stage, which represents the cultural context of the play."
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