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Perceptions of Crimes, 2008.
A study on the perceptions of crimes, based on gender and race.
3,577 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper is a study that provides information on the varying perceptions of crime, which is contingent upon gender and race. The author describes his sample size of 200 tenants in a housing community, selected due to the varying races and the percentage of males and females and explains that the questionnaire provides information about the gender, race and the questions asked, which determine the perception of particular 'white collar crime' by the individual questioned. The author also details the study method and processes, and uses SPSS software to analyze the data collected. The paper also includes tables.
From the Paper
"From there it has been determined that crime has continued to capture the attention even though there has been a decrease in the number of crimes over the past decade. While this has been stated, a lot of attention has been paid to the propitious drop in the nation's crime rates. The rate of incarceration has been increased and has been considered one of the key factors behind this drop despite the fact that a number of notable criminologists disagree. This paper has brought out the fact that incarceration is one of the major consequences for youth and young adults arrested for committing violent crimes."
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Understanding Gender and Negotiation, 2008.
Presents a research proposal on gender differences in the negotiating process.
1,085 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a research proposal for examining the art of negotiation by gender in order to distinguish any processes or unique identifiers that differentiate the process of negotiation by gender. The paper the purpose and methodology of the study.
Outline:
Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"If, as Solnick points out women short themselves by failing to recognize or seize the opportunity to negotiate, much more needs to be understood about women's overall response and reaction and interaction as regards negotiation. In what ways, then, do men benefit from being the experienced negotiators; if, according to the process of negotiation, their position is an improved one by virtue of their ability to negotiate, in what ways are women shorting themselves for failing to negotiate?"
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The Gray Area of Rape, 2008.
A review of how the conditions of rape are changing in the 21st century.
2,163 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper states that rape is no longer the simple concept it was a generation ago. The traditional scenario of rape, where a man physically forces a woman to have sex, is no longer the only possibility. The paper discusses the gray area of rape, which can involve a victim instigating a sexual relationship, but then deciding not to give consent. The paper notes that it can include scenarios where the victim is voluntarily intoxicated and simply doesn't remember giving consent. The paper discusses whether these people are truly victims and highlights the fact that when alcohol and/or drugs are thrown into the mix, proving that consent was not given is often difficult to prove, and thus makes up the gray area of rape.
Outline:
Introduction
The Hook-Up Culture of Today's Youth
Hooking Up and the Gray Area of Rape
Gray Rape - Not Just for Women
Are Gray Rape Victims Truly Victims?
Alcohol and Gray Rape
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The hood up culture of today's younger generation comes with risks beyond the obvious of increased chances of sexually transmitted diseases, but of rape. The term coined that describes what happens when hooking up becomes sexual assault is 'gray rape', according to Newsom. This gray area can involve drugs and/or alcohol or sexually explicit behavior that muddies the lines of true consent.
"One incident regarding a Duke University sophomore illustrates the unclear lines of gray rape. The girl had had one drink at a bar and returned to her dorm room with a male. She had told him she didn't want to have sex, but began to make out with the young man. They removed their underwear, and she still said she didn't want to have sex, but they didn't stop, and did have sex. The girl didn't report the incident or even consider it rape, yet some believe it to still be sexual assault. "
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Early Sex Education to Prevent STD's and Early Pregnancy, 2008.
A discussion about the best way for children to gain their sex education.
1,294 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that children should be taught sex education at early ages to prevent STD's and early pregnancy. In addition, it argues that children and teenagers need more in their sex education than how to prevent problems. The primary arguments addressed in this paper include the following components: the role of the parents, the role of the church, and the role of the educational institution.
From the Paper
"There is certainly a problem with STD's and early pregnancy, but the causes for both are different. STD's may be caused by unsafe behavior or promiscuousness. The more promiscuous the teen, the higher the chance of STD being acquired (Hopkins). Part of the reason that there is such a high transmission rate of STD (twice as high as in Europe) amongst teens is that there is a gulf between 'planned' and 'spontaneous' sexual activity. It is unlikely that the teen, schooled in the prevention of STD's and pregnancy with condoms, is likely to use them in the heat of the moment; this goes a long way to explaining the high rate of unexpected teen pregnancies.
Contrary to the assertions of some conservative groups, sex education does not promote promiscuity. Contrary to the assertions of some liberal groups, it does not reduce it. Nor does it result in a meaningful reduction in either STD transmission or teen pregnancy (Dreweke). Abstinence education also does not show an effect in public education (Beil). Since none of these programs offered through public schools is effective in reducing STD or teen pregnancy, the debate about increasing their use in public schools is moot--nothing works."
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Women and Islam, 2008.
This article looks at conflicting views regarding the perception of women within the Islamic society.
4,337 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the Western perception of Islam is of a religion that is especially restrictive of women. Islam is seen as living in the past and as failing to modernize, while Islam sees its restrictions as socially constructive and as elevating women rather than keeping them down. The writer maintains that such differences in perception are based on historical differences and also on the way the West has changed and now expects others to do the same without necessarily making the case in a way that appeals to Islam. The writer discusses that many of the Arab states and the states turning to fundamentalism manifest the harshest restrictions on women, while some of the more liberal Islamic states show more Western influences. The place of women in Islamic society derives largely from the historical structure of Islam and from the degree to which outside influences have been allowed. The writer concludes that as the various countries of the region struggle with the conflicting forces of tradition and modernization, women are pawns in the struggle, made to adhere to restrictive laws to assert Islamic rights over Western ideas.
Outline:
Introduction
Gender Roles
Islamic Social Order
Women in Islam
Works Cited
From the Paper
" Masculinity-femininity is a dimension that is reflected in social attitudes toward men and women and in expectations placed on each. Islamic society is more traditional than American society today, though full equality of the sexes has not been achieved in America as yet, either. Once again, the roles of men and women in Islamic society are determined by Islamic law and the Quran. There has been a religious element in shaping the way men and women are viewed in American society as well, but as America has become more secularized, that influence has lessened. Definitions of masculine and feminine have come under increasing question and challenge, and the roles of men and women in business and society have become more equal and less related to gender. In Islam, Muhammad is meant to represent perfection, and the faithful are meant to follow his teachings and to be as much like him as possible. Those who achieve the perfection of Muhammad are highly revered as saints or holy men, and people give any living holy man great respect... "
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Race and Gender Perceptions of White Collar Crime, 2008.
A discussion on how society may be influenced by race and gender in dealing with crime.
7,335 words (approx. 29.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 162.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to explains and clarify the perceptions of white collar crime by gender and race. The paper shows what current research exists as well as what testing and research can take place to clarify the hypothesis. The author of this paper conducts research on a housing community in the Township of Scotch Plains and then compiles and analyzes the data. A current literature review to either prove or disprove the hypothesis is also included with the paper. In addition, several tables of data have been included.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Theory and Hypothesis
Methods
Reference
Consent Form
Survey
From the Paper
"It is important to note that there is a need for current research and data concerning white collar crime and perceptions related to ethnicity and gender. While researching for previous data it has been difficult to find information within the past 7 years, most research is dated during the 1980 to 1990's. This hinders researchers showing what the impact and correlation between white-collar crime and the perception considering race and gender today compared to those dated times. There is a plethora of information concerning race and gender however there is no mention of white collar crime in those writings. This research will serve to show what current research exists as well as what testing and research can take place to clarify the hypothesis. I will conduct research on a housing community in the Township of Scotch Plains to ascertain the perceptions of individuals on the subject matter. The data will then be compiled and the research analyzed and compared to the current literature to either prove or disprove the hypothesis that white males (who benefit the most from the practice) will find white-collar crime less prevalent and damaging considering the low risk factor (Calavita,1990) then racial minorities and women."
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Kenneth Burke's "New Rhetoric", 2008.
An outline of Marie Hochmuth's article "Kenneth Burke and the 'New Rhetoric'" published in The Quarterly Journal of Speech.
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Kenneth Burke's theory of the "new rhetoric" - in which he saw culture as a kind of language of contextual symbols. The "symbolic construction of social reality" is the topic of scholarly debate and discussion even fifty-seven years after the publishing of his groundbreaking book "A Rhetoric of Motives". The paper notes that what Burke meant by "new rhetoric" according to Marie Hochmuth - writing in The Quarterly Journal of Speech - applies interestingly and poignantly to a review of many cultural settings, including the American style of weddings. The paper looks at the American institution of a wedding, with all the traditions, myths, spoken ceremonial words and rituals, and critiques the wedding as a tradition and as a cultural institution, using the new rhetoric interpretations and strategies put forward by Burke.
From the Paper
"The bride wears white, presumably to signify her purity. But in other cultures, most notably India and Japan, red rather than white is the customary color of first-time brides. Even in our own culture, white was not the customary color for a wedding dress until the 19th century, when Queen Victoria wore white at her wedding. Also, for a long time, women did not have enough money to have a new dress, so they wore their best dresses, unless they were wealthy, but now that clothing is cheaper, almost everyone wears a special dress for the day. Even if someone defies these norms, such an act is consciously interpreted as defiance. People do not exist outside of the symbolic language of the culture in which they find themselves."
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Sex Trafficking, 2008.
An outline of the sex trade in the United States.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper states that slavery in the form of human sex trade trafficking still exists. The paper comments that the United States is the second most trafficked destination for women caught in the sex trade. The paper records that the problem of sex trafficking has called many non-governmental organizations (NGOs), governments and researchers to discover the facts involved in the practice. This paper shows the extent and complexity of the problem, who is involved, where it happens, and what is being done. The paper proceeds by highlighting the extent that politics and regional conditions affect the sex trade. The paper questions the effect this trade has on government and what the government has done to curb this problem.This paper also identifies what information is available to answer these questions.
From the Paper
"Governments and NGOs have committed much time, money, and effort to the reduction of human trafficking around the world. The United States enforced the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) in 2000 in order to track and shut down trafficking organizations. Following 9/11, the United States has additionally tightened security, making it more difficult for traffickers to transport individuals into the United States The Bush Administration has also taken on sex trafficking as a "key humanitarian issue" during the government's War on Terror. "
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The Legalization of Prostitution in the U.S., 2008.
A discussion regarding the legalization of prostitution in the USA.
2,221 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper puts forward an argument against legalizing prostitution in the US. This author quotes from studies carried out in other parts of the world that show how legalizing prostitution can sanction another side of the sex industry, exploiting women and putting them at risk.
Outline:
The Encouragement of Sex Trafficking
Australia's Practice and Consequences
No Protection for Prostitutes
Turning Women into Merchandise
Legalization Does Not Protect Women's Health
Legalization Does Not Improve Women's Choice of Employment
From the Paper
"Prostitution is not a crime without a victim, and prostitutes aren't usually called "women." Society calls them whores, tramps, sluts, pieces of meat, and trash--names for what society perceives as inhuman. Despite the philosophy behind anti-prostitution laws, we are not the victims of prostitution in need of defense. The victims are the prostitutes themselves who, under current legalities, are punished for the very crimes committed against them (Roleff, 2006).
Those who advocate prostitution as simply another occupation think of prostitutes as individuals who have rationally considered the alternative and chose prostitution over other ways of supporting themselves. Those who advocate legalizing prostitution presume much in determining this, because they assume that women choose the type of prostitution they wish to practice. However, they fail to recognize that there is a hierarchy to prostitution. The escorts and call girls we see in movies do exist, and they can live extravagant lifestyles with little risk of violence or legal problems. This, however, is not how most prostitutes live and operate."
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Gender Behavior, 2008.
This paper studies the roles of gender within society.
1,911 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the fabric of the human condition is the determination of sexual reproduction. For this reason, and many others, sex and gender, independently and together make up a huge body of human interest and an equal if not greater amount of confusion and controversy. The writer also discusses that gender roles as they are assigned by society are clearly demonstrative of culture, and yet in a culture where so much has been challenged with regard to tradition, including but not limited to gender roles, there seems to be little "progress" in the way of either allowable deviation of gender roles or gender mobility. The writer concludes that women will likely continue, for the foreseeable future in a role of conflict between productive and reproductive responsibilities all of which mitigates the continuation of rigid gender roles.
From the Paper
"To look beyond gender display, most exaggerated in some children, one must also logically step toward gendered adults. The variance of gender social display is also clearly not limited to children and the level to which researchers can delve into the reasons for and perceived meanings of gender differences is greater. One would think this would mean that research on adult gender roles is less cloudy than it is with children, yet this is far from true. In this summation of several gender role studies, regarding gender roles and work the generalizations of research can be seen as demonstrative of gender stereotypes, playing an important role in the fundamental happiness or lack their of, of adults, in one of their most crucial social roles, that of work."
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