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Normal Saline Usage and Pneumonia, 2008.
This paper analyzes the controversial practice of using normal saline during suctioning.
1,727 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the issue concerning whether or not to use normal saline during suctioning, and most especially when the patient is an infant or a very weak and compromised adult. However, this question does not deter nurses and other medical practitioners from using the normal saline technique for suctioning, and the practice is still widely used. Furthermore, the paper looks into the issue of whether this procedure actually helps the patient, or if it is unnecessary. Specifically, the paper discusses the prevalence, the benefits and disadvantages, the purposes of using the procedure and the risks and negative consequences of using normal saline for suctioning purposes. Lastly, the paper looks at one specific illness associated with the procedure, called ventilator assisted pneumonia.
From the Paper
"A Survey was conducted a few years previously, on a number of nurses and medical practitioners who were working in adult ICU's in a large teaching hospital facility, in order to make an accurate and clear assessment of the advantages and the disadvantages of using normal saline during the endotracheal suctioning of an adult. It was found that while about fifty one percent of those surveyed reported that they rarely used normal saline for the suctioning procedure, about thirty three percent had routinely used saline for the same purpose. While fifty five percent of the nurses used saline to remove and retrieve secretions that would perhaps block the airway, about forty five percent used the same procedure to stimulate a cough in the patient. There was a lack of understanding of the usage of saline for suctioning among the nurses: while sixty four percent reported rarely using saline before suctioning, respiratory therapists reported using normal saline for suctioning. Respiratory therapists seemed to exhibit more awareness than nurses about the benefits or disadvantages of using normal saline for suctioning purposes and to induce a cough in the patient. Evidence was able to prove that when nurses used saline for suctioning, there were more adverse effects in the patient than when a respiratory therapist used it, among them being that of greater oxygen desaturation, and other, a greater risk of cardio pulmonary infections. (Schwenker; Gift, 1998)"
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Adam Smith, 2008.
This paper outlines the philosophies of Adam Smith, the economic and political visionary.
873 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explains Adam Smith's background and his moral and economic philosophy. The paper looks at how Smith perceives the nature of work and the relationship between working people and society at large.
Outline:
Background and History
Smith's Moral Philosophy
Adam Smith's Economic Philosophy:
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Adam Smith (1723-1790), was a professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow University and a visionary economic political theorist who pioneered a capitalist theory that was to become known as laissez fair economics. His most influential written works were An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, which he authored in 1776, fittingly, the same year as the birth of the United States, where his approach to economics was to be embraced and implemented more extensively than any other nation."
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Social Responsibility, 2008.
An examination of the responsibilities of a corporation and how they differ from the social responsibilities of an individual.
1,554 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the differences between social responsibility of an organization and of an individual. It begins with the allegory of two prehistoric men hunting for their families and the social responsibility that is required of them. The paper then discusses a corporation's responsibilities to its shareholders and to society and looks at the signs of competitive market situations.
From the Paper
"A capitalistic society that provides open and free competition did not bring about Enron and similar debacles. It was the second part of Friedman's statement: "without deception or fraud" that led to such situations. It was the greed of several individuals who misreported their profits to get a larger part of the pot. Unfortunately, there will always be individuals like this--it is human nature. That does not make the whole system corrupt. One can say that the competition inherent in the capitalistic enterprise encourages such behavior. Hoarding by one of the cave dwellers would never work. The hope is that lessons are learned from situations such as these--that nothing works perfectly."
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Moral Relativism, 2008.
A debate on the pros and cons of moral relativism.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether or not moral relativism is correct or not. The writer presents both sides of the argument and includes opinions of several authorities on the subject. The paper concludes with the writer's own opinion on moral relativism.
Outline:
The "Yes" Side
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opinion
From the Paper
"Throughout history, different people at different times and places have held divergent, sometimes opposing, moral views, even within the same society (Harman 1996). The ancient Greeks once strongly believed, for instance, that their god Zeus produced thunder. That science changed that strong belief. Today's Greek people will ascribe thunder to natural causes and conditions. This shows that what a particular society or individual strongly believes in or observes can and does change when new and convincing evidence demands that change. Another example is the origin and nature of black holes, which have not yet been scientifically explained. The dictates of morality appear to proceed from convention or understanding among people of a particular era and place. The fact is that people within that particular era and place themselves form different shades of understanding even about a specific matter. There appears to be no strict, basic or generalized moral demands or requirements for differences in understanding or view about something. Because people's beliefs are relative, it follows that their behavioral norms, described as ethics, are also relative. Thus it is correct to say that morality and ethics, which are determined or perceived individually and subjectively, are also individual and subjective rather than absolute (Harman)."
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Preserving the Ben & Jerry's Brand, 2008.
This paper examines Unilever's acquisition of the Ben and Jerry's brand.
2,628 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the Ben and Jerry's brand had a philosophical and ethical foundation of a triad of product, economic and social factors. The paper examines Unilever's acquisition of this brand and highlights how Unilever's governance and compliance could not replace the ethics and shareholder trust that was inherent in the Ben and Jerry's organization. The paper explains that Unilever's need to show a profit from the acquisition does not allow the ethical ecosystem to stay intact. The paper recommends that Unilever should look at the most severe areas of weakness and work quickly and thoroughly to turn them into strengths, for otherwise, the value of the original brand acquired will be lost.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Defining Product, Economic and Social Mission at Ben & Jerry's
Lesson for Unilever: You Can Buy a Brand but You Can't Buy Trust
Corporate Social Responsibility Assessment
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Ben & Jerry's business model from the beginning was one of the most unique in the history of business, in that it successfully integrated Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), commitment to product, economic and social initiatives that successfully balanced both product quality and concern for the environment while attaining profitability. In many respects, Ben & Jerry's egalitarian roots in one of the most liberally-mind states, Vermont, would eventually permeate the company during its rapid growth period and be tested as the growing pains of the company began to become apparent."
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Business Ethics, 2008.
A discussion on whether people can separate their private lives and their work lives with regard to ethical behavior.
1,490 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by questioning whether it is possible for a person to separate his personal ethics from his business ethics. The paper then argues the thesis that the way a person acts in his personal life is indicative of how he will act in business. The writer uses examples from the his personal experiences to reinforce that the thesis is true. The paper also argues that more involvement is needed from secondary schools and companies to instill ethical values in employees.
From the Paper
"They found that the faculty recommended external forces as a remedy more often than increased ethics educational coverage to be the answer for the ethics issue and "conclude by proposing that neither legislation nor ethics education alone are complete when addressing widespread unethical corporate acts and offer a multifaceted approach to ethics educational opportunities". Another study by Desplaces et. al (2007)investigated college students to see the: (1) impact of ethics codes and practices on student perceptions of the institution's ethical culture; (2) impact of students seeing unethical behavior and pressure from significant others on moral reasoning and competence; and (3) effect on student moral reasoning and competence of faculty and students that discussed ethics in business core courses."
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Ethics, 2008.
A research paper looking at what factors affect the moral development and ethical decision-making skills of a CPR.
2,180 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 84 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the moral development and ethical decision-making methods of a select sample of certified public accountants (CPA)in Taiwan. The paper statistically analyzes the data with selected demographic variables that are collected through the appropriate testing instruments specifically designed to measure moral development and ethical decision making. The paper states that these specialized tools include the use of the Defining Issues Test for measuring the CPA's stages of moral reasoning and the Multidimensional Ethics Scale for measuring their ethical decision making process.
Outline:
Purpose of the Study
Theoretical Framework
Statement of the Problem
From the Paper
"The research conducted by Rest has further found that "the average DIT scores increases about ten points with each increase in level of education." Thus, this study proposes that there are differences in the moral development of CPAs in Taiwan relating to their educational level. Further, this study proposes that there are differences in the ethical decision-making of CPAs in Taiwan relating to their educational level."
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Dental Ethics, 2008.
This paper discusses how important it is for dental hygienists to have training in ethics.
803 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper states that dental hygienists must study ethics before they begin their actual employment so that they are better prepared to make sound decisions and actions based on ethical considerations. The paper reinforces this statement by looking at some of the ethical dilemmas dental hygienists commonly face and how the study of ethics would help them deal with these dilemmas. The paper maintains that a multifaceted approach to formal ethics instruction that includes community-based service-learning can improve learning and influence the students' attitudes and perceptions about their role as oral healthcare providers in such areas as access to care, disparity, and working in a diverse community.
From the Paper
"As all other healthcare professionals, dental hygienists have responsibilities to their patients, employers, associations and, most important, to their own personal integrity. It is therefore critical that they be prepared to make sound decisions and actions based on ethical considerations. The growing importance of enforcing ethical behavior in dental hygiene is observed by seeing the number of dental schools that now have formal ethics courses as part of their curricula. Over the last three decades, dental professionals have emphasized the requisite for ethics training and dialogue."
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Organizational Ethics, 2008.
A case study analysis of the ethical dilemma faced by a CPA firm in donating their time.
716 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study analysis of the CPA firm, Good and Good who donate the preparation of one tax return for the silent auction of a local non-profit organization. It describes the ethical dilemma that the firm is faced with when the winner of the silent auction is announced. The paper looks at the options available to the firm to deal with the dilemma as well as the recommended solution to the problem.
From the Paper
"In the future, the firm of Good and Good should take precautions to prevent this situation from happening again. Because it is good publicity, and thus good for business, to make an annual contribution to the non-profit organization's fundraising event, they should continue to do it (especially if such clients as Mr. Pinchpenny become regular clients as a result of the service). However, in order to prevent a loss such as that in the example, Good and Good should attach qualifications to their donation. For example, their donation could be the free preparation of an individual tax return up to a value of $450.00."
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Ethical Theories, 2008.
A discussion on numerous ethical issues surrounding the widespread use of technology.
1,671 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses three ethical theories as they apply to technology, utilizing Vincent Ruggiero's application of reasoning in ethics. The technological area that the paper focuses on is the use of educational materials that are freely accessible online. The paper describes a case where a teacher uses an article that was freely available online for classroom purposes and explains that an ethical issues arises when the teacher distributes the article to the class. The paper then analyzes whether the teacher's actions are ethical or unethical using Vincent Ruggiero's criteria as well as several other different ethical theories, including Utilitarian theory, Kantian ethics, and Aristotle's moral theory. The paper concludes that the teacher's actions can be described as either ethical or unethical, depending on which particular theory is applied but that Ruggiero's criteria in evaluating these types of situations assists us in looking at the entire picture. Only by examining all of the potential effects and consequences of our actions are we able to make the correct moral decisions.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis
Theories Applying to the Issue
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Several different ethical theories can be applied to the issue of using copyrighted materials found on the Internet for educational use. Three ethical theories to examine under the case are Utilitarian theory, Kantian ethics, and Aristotle's moral theory. According to Utilitarian theories, an action is right if it promotes the best consequences. Under these theories, the best consequences are those in which happiness is maximized. According to Utilitarian theories, the teacher's use is acceptable because the best consequence to be promoted through the use of the material sis the furtherance of education."
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