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Confidentiality in Health care, 2008.
A review of the American Medical Association's guidelines for physician-patient confidentiality.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the ethics of the medical care non-disclosure agreement between doctor and patient, which ensures that patients have the freedom to be absolutely honest with their physicians. Frequently the lives of patients depend upon the assurance of confidentiality, which ensures that patients will release all the information necessary to be treated in a targeted and effective way. The paper highlights that the American Medical Association has provided guidelines for doctor-patient confidentiality and its maintenance, particularly as relevant to computer databases. The paper discusses the general guidelines for the relationship between physicians and their patients, along with the maintenance of their confidentiality levels.
From the Paper
"To provide optimal protection of privacy, the computerized medical database should be online to the terminal only when computer programs with the necessary authorization, and specifically requiring the data, are in use. No person or entity outside of the clinical facility should have access to any online computerized database with medical records of patients who can be identified via the program. This ensures continued doctor-patient confidentiality, which belongs to the patient according to standard medical ethics, as well as the law."
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Corporate Ethics, 2008.
This paper explains why adopting a high level of ethics at a personal and professional level is a sound business practice.
2,384 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how ethics are the foundation for personal trust between subordinates and managers and for companies' transparency with investors, analysts and their customers. The paper looks at Enron as an extreme example of what happens when there is a lack of ethical behavior that highlights the need for the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). The paper then focuses on the SOX legislation and its impact on corporate responsibility and goes on to explore the literature on the role of ethics in organizations.
Outline:
The need for Corporate Ethics and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Aligning Internal Ethics with External Responses
Summary
From the Paper
"At their most basic and fundamental level, ethics are the foundation by which trust and transparency are created in professional and personal relationships. In addition, ethics has been found to play a role in leadership, organizational effectiveness, job satisfaction, employee turnover, and organizational justice. A survey of 7500 managers from a range of private and public organizations nationwide (Kouzes & Posner, 1990) found that 87% of those surveyed selected honesty as a characteristic of superior leaders, and integrity was selected as the most important leadership characteristic, even above competence. Clearly a trustworthy and transparent person who has ethics is preferable as a co-worker or boss and friend over one that may be brilliant intellectually yet marked by duplicity in terms of their ethics."
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Electronic Voting Machines, 2008.
The paper examines the use of electronic voting machines in United States elections and the problems their use generates.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In the United States, Congress decided after the 2000 Presidential elections that the old, punch card voting system was prone to error and had to be replaced with an electronic, computer-based, touchscreen system. The author of the paper examines this decision and its implementation and points out some of the problems and dangers arising from a move to purely electronic voting systems. Some of the problems noted include the following: electronic voting has no paper record of the individual's vote, computer systems and software designed for the system proved to be flawed and highly prone to system crashes and finally, insufficient governmental supervision of the companies charged with developing and manufacturing the system.
From the Paper
"The truly audacious aspect of this lack of a paper trail with touch-screen voting is that the other machines created by Diebold and their ilk DO have 'paper trails.' Ask yourself: would you use an ATM that didn't dispense a receipt informing you of your balance, so you could be made aware immediately of a bank computer error? Would you use your credit card at a store that did not give you a receipt, so you could check to see if you had been overcharged? Of course not--you would shift to another bank or use another store. But this act of faith was exactly what Diebold was expected of American voters. And voters in states like Georgia that only use electronic voting cannot move their votes, like consumers can move their dollars, to a more reliable venue."
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Cutting in Line as an Example of Norm Violation, 2008.
This is a paper describing an experiment to show how people react when commonly accepted norms are violated.
1,910 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
Norms help to define a society by setting boundaries and enhancing group identity and coherence. The author of this paper sets out to discover how differing segments of the population react when a commonly excepted norm is ignored - standing in line. The author states that by cutting in line, the individual is proclaiming that he or she is not bound by convention; that he or she is more important than all those other individuals who must wait their turn. The author describes how, in the course of his researc,h he choose three different social situations involving queues and how, in each situation, he blatantly cut in line. The writer then describes the reaction of others to his actions before drawing his final conclusions.
From the Paper
"This attempt was not very successful. The researcher cut in front of a female student in her late teens. She was appeared to be alone, and was carrying a laptop. She was looking down at the floor and did not seem like she was paying attention to anyone. She said nothing as the researcher stepped in front of her, though he though he saw her grimace slightly and then return to looking at the floor. Nevertheless, a group of seven or eight students behind her quickly noticed the researcher's presence. One of them turned loudly to his friends and cried, "Did you just see that? This guy cut in front." The researcher pretended not to notice and tried to continue looking blankly ahead. Almost immediately, he felt a strong tap on his shoulder. A tall man in a denim jacket was sticking his reddened face in his. Two of his friends moved forward to back him up. One "What the (expletive) do you think you're doing?" A girl who had remained in the original group of seven or eight giggled before directing her other friends attentions to what was going on. "Look at this," she smiled. The man with the red face shoved the researcher in the back. The three men stepped closer to the researcher.... And the researcher left the line without saying a word."
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Ethical Behavior in the Business World, 2008.
A discussion of what Howard Gardner called the "ethics gap" in a business organization.
1,927 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by discussing some of Howard Gardner's ideas about raising business standards by promoting a culture of ethics in organizations. The author cites G. Marino on the problems of teaching ethics and Charles Kerns' ten "musts" to integrating ethics into a business environment, and then sets forth seven points to be considered in formulating a strategy to ensure that an organization acts ethically. The author concludes that implementing an ethics program into an organization is a major challenge and needs to be developed in close conjunction with senior management in order to incorporate their value structure.
From the Paper
"To Gardner, a values system cannot only be established at an organizational level. It has to be at the personal, scholastic, organizational, and societal levels. This system needs to train individuals to use restraint, lead and shape secondary education curricula, promote or denounce institutional results, and contribute to the culture. Gardner is fearful that business may never get this message, because of their bottom-line mindset (Fisher, 2007)."
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Fighting the 'Good Fght' Against AIDS in Africa, 2008.
A paper proposing that drugs for the treatment of AIDS be made freely available to sufferers in Africa.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper discusses the need to provide African nations with large populations of AIDS sufferers, with cheap drugs to combat this killer disease. The writer states that, were the incidence of AIDS sufferers and AIDS related deaths to be as high in the western world as they are in Africa, treatment would be readily available at a price that all could afford. The writer contends that the problem is not only the availability of the drugs, but also the non-existence of an appropriate infrastructure that could get the drugs to the patients needing them. An additional impediment is the financial consideration. Even in cases where drugs were supplied at very low prices, more often than not, poorer individuals could not afford a full course of treatment. The author concludes by saying that whilst the situation is improving, a lot still remains to be done to save many more millions from death.
From the Paper
"When AIDS was first discovered in the 1980s, epidemiologists and the news media alike first nicknamed it the 'gay cancer' given the population it struck--usually white, gay males who engaged in risky sexual activities, along with IV drug users who made use of unsafe needle-sharing practices, and perhaps a few hemophiliacs or spouses who were unfortunate enough to have a blood donation or had intercourse with infected individuals. However, today we know that AIDS knows no sexual orientation, color, or lifestyle. We also know, contrary to the belief held about the disease when it was first classified, that it is not a death sentence. People live for many years, although ten years ago they were drawing up their wills after they were diagnosed HIV-positive."
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Reproduction Technology, 2008.
Explores reproductive technology with an emphasis on ovum donation options.
2,585 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains current development in reproductive technologies as they apply to the utilization of embryo and ovum for the purpose of pregnancy in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) procedures. The paper points out conditions that create problems with normal reproduction such as the age of a woman and condition of the flexible lining of the uterus. The paper also discuses the physical process of ovum donation and the ethical issues associated with this donation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Reproductive Technology
Ethical, Legal and Moral Questions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One aspect of reproductive technology is in vitro fertilization (IVF) which has been used since 1974 (but more widely since the 1980's) to artificially inseminate a woman, using the sperm of her partner or a donor to fertilize her own natural ovum. In most cases IVF is performed external to the body and then the fertilized, viable embryo is placed in the uterus to implant and hopefully produce a full term pregnancy and ensuing child. There is another less widely used and known procedure where intra fallopian fertilization is employed called gamete intrafallopian transfer, or GIFT."
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Ethics and Patenting, 2008.
This paper discusses patenting and ethics and looks at the commercialization of living things.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of biology and biodiversity. Specifically the writer discusses the possibility of patenting living things and looks at what the limitations are on this patenting process. The writer explains that living things can be patented, but there are certain limitations on the patenting process. The writer also notes that there are numerous ethical issues surrounding the patenting of living things, and the morality of this practice comes into question. However, the ethics of this practice remain in question. The writer concludes that the Patent office should have guidelines that severely restrict the issuing of patents on living things, because living things, especially humans, should never become a commodity.
From the Paper
"This created impetus to patent all types of living things, from bacterium to the Harvard mouse, and today, patents are routinely granted on living things, seemingly without any thought. The Patent office does not allow the patenting of a human being, but in the case of the law on mammal cloning, humans are not excluded from the language of the patent, which leaves the patent open to human as well as other types of mammal cloning. Therefore, the Patent office is sending mixed messages with its granting of patents, and it could be conceivable that the office would support a patent for human beings in the future. This is a frightening thought for many people who do not support the idea of cloning humans on both religious and moral grounds, and it will certainly lead to a public outcry if it occurs."
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Ethical Issues of Marketing, 2008.
A persuasive essay against the unethical business practice of advertising sex, violence, cigarettes and alcohol to children and adolescents.
2,692 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the unethical practices of advertisers, who use sex, nudity, violence and the positioning of all forms of drugs to
create a higher level of awareness of their products. The paper attempts to illustrate how these advertisers are harming children by introducing them to products that can significantly impair their ability to mature cognitively, emotionally and ethically. The paper contends that these advertisers sacrifice children for financial gain and calls for companies to uphold the moral and ethical responsibility to protect our children.
Outline:
Summary
Sex Sells...Sometimes
Selling Violence, Not Products
Tobacco and Alcohol Advertising Effects Are Lasting
Summary
From the Paper
"The fundamental business model of advertising is changing drastically as the Internet becomes a much more prevalent communications channel, capable of being specifically targeted to audiences of consumers while also providing the ability to measure the performance of all forms of digital advertising online. This has significantly increased the ability to measure the effectiveness of advertising that includes mention of sex, violent acts, and the use of drugs including cigarettes and alcohol. Traditional advertising on the one hand does not offer these levels of advertising effectiveness measurement, so seeing if sex, violence and the positioning of drugs of all kinds including tobacco and alcohol is effective is left to conjecture and speculation."
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The Enron Scandal, 2008.
An overview of the Enron/Arthur Andersen corporate scandal.
1,713 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the Enron scandal and its effects on the company's stakeholders. The paper examines Enron's set of ethics publicly promoted, the value of its products and services and the overall value of the company and relates that Enron's scandal proved all these value sets for the company to be falsely inflated. The paper also looks at the official reaction to the fraud, the extent of Andersen and Enron's denial of wrongdoing and the many implications resulting from the scandal.
Outline:
Issue Clarification
Stakeholder Analysis
Value Identification
Issue Resolution
Addressing Objections
Resolution Implementation
From the Paper
"The Enron scandal has probably been the most prominent of its kind in the history of wide scale business fraud. Enron's history before its downfall was impressive: in 15 years, it grew from a practically non-existent entity to the seventh largest company in the United States. By this time, it employed 21,000 staff and had a presence in more than 40 countries. There was a good reason for this appearance of prosperity: Enron was deceiving the world.
"The company compiled its financial statements in such a way that huge debts were concealed, thus inflating the company's true value. In order to help them achieve this, the accounting company, Arthur Anderson, shredded documents that indicated the true state of affairs."
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