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Medication Adherence In Patients With COPD, 2006.
An in-depth study of the treatment of older patients who are suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the success of medication adherence.
4,822 words (approx. 19.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the critical success factors for medication adherence in older men and women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Specifically, the paper attempts to identify what critical factors improve medication adherence among the elderly diagnosed with COPD. The results of this study help to fill the gap in literature that currently exists related to medication adherence among the elderly. The paper further discusses the ample evidence lending support for studies that specifically target the elderly, as empirical data suggests their compliance to procedures and practice guidelines varies significantly from that of younger populations.
Contents:
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Study
Overview
Problem Statement
Purpose
Significance
Chapter 2
Literature Overview
Conceptual & Theoretical Framework
Medication Adherence and COPD
Operational Definitions
Hypothesis Research Questions
Chapter 3
Method
Research Design
Sample Characteristics
Instruments and Interventions
Ethical Issues Protection Human Subjects
Chronology of Events
Chapter 4
Plan for Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Results and Discussions
Chapter 5
Evaluation of Proposal
Abstract
Strengths and Limitations
Publication
Appendix I - Survey Questionnaire
References
From the Paper
"In any study involving human subjects it is vital the researcher take precautions to ensure the confidentiality, safety and support of all participants involved in the study. It is also vital the researcher fully inform study participants of the intent of the study, and provide ample guidance for completing each aspect of the study. For this reason the researcher will provide comprehensive instructions at the beginning of each survey mailed to participants, and provide participants a contact number to ensure they have a resource for discussing questions related to the study if necessary.
To ensure the ethical nature of this study, all study participants will be fully informed of the intent of this study and the potential uses for the information provided by this study. Study participants will be asked to sign an agreement stating they understand the focus and implications of this study. All study participants will be afforded the opportunity to provide information confidentiality for purposes of this study. Further, participants will all receive the results of this study in a separate mailing at the end of study. In cases where participants are unable to complete the questionnaires mailed to them, they may appoint a proxy to complete the questionnaire for them."
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Health Professionals and Ageism, 2007.
An analysis of ageism in modern society, and in particular, the health care industry.
3,447 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
The paper defines ageism as the process of thinking or believing in a negative manner about the process of becoming old or about old people. The paper explores how health professionals and the organizations in which they work are often criticized for holding ageist views which influence practice. The essay provides an analysis of the nature of ageism that exists in modern society, particularly the health care sector. The research concludes that some of the most important initiatives that can be implemented today, that may help overcome the impact of ageism in modern healthcare settings, is improved communication between practitioner and patient, and additional education for the public concerning the effects of aging.
From the Paper
"What is known, though, is that many healthcare providers may not recognize the inherent physiological processes at play when they are attempting to develop effective clinical interventions for the elderly. In this regard, Nussbaum et al. advise, "If one recognizes that a slight increase in reaction time is common in conversations with elderly partners, the discomfort caused by such delays in conversation should be reduced" (p. 241). These authors also emphasize that improved communications with elderly patients can provide significantly improved clinical outcomes (Nussbaum et al., 2000)."
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Beth Vaughan-Wrobel, 2007.
A description of Beth Vaughan-Wrobel; a pioneer in nursing education and geriatrics.
974 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly chronicles the background, impact in the field of nursing, contributions and professional associations of Beth Vaughan-Wrobel, a leading member in the field of nursing education and advocacy. The paper discusses how she has emerged as a pioneering thinker in the field of geriatric nursing. The paper highlights how she is well aware that the nursing profession is likely to have to meet the demands of geriatric patients at an even greater number in the future. Vaughan-Wrobel's suggestions for better trained, at-home caregivers would be a way to alleviate some of the profession's burdens, as well as ease the situation of the family members of the patient.
From the Paper
"In all the fields where she has excelled, Vaughan-Wrobel continues to have an impact upon the ways geriatric patients are perceived and cared for, and the ways that students are prepared to meet the ever-changing future of nursing. She has not only made critical thinking skills an important part of nursing education. She has also called upon society to see the aging process itself as an education, and demanded reforms in the ways that the caretakers who help ease the transition of adults into the next spheres of their lives will be prepared to meet the challenges that face them in the future."
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21st Century Perspectives on Ageing, 2007.
An analysis of all aspects of the ageing process in the 21st century and suggestions of how to age well.
28,199 words (approx. 112.8 pages), 100 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the definitions, conditions and various physical, as well as psychological, social and cultural aspects of ageing in the 21st Century. The paper focuses not only on the psychological aspects of ageing but is more holistic in its approach and views the interrelationship between physical and biological ageing and social and demographic aspects in the contemporary world. The paper concludes by providing an outline and suggestions related to the various components of ageing well.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brief Literature Overview
Methodology
Section One. Components Of Aging
What Is Ageing: Definitions Of Senescence, Views And Demographics
Defining Ageing: The Relationship Between Individual And Social Ageing
Demographics
How And Why We Age
Causative Facets And Theories In Senescence Or Ageing
Evolutionary Theories And Longevity
Cellular Senescence
Ageing And Chemical Damage
Contemporary Theoretical Stances
The Biological Aspects Of Ageing
The Effects Of Biological Ageing On The Body
Memory And Cognitive Decline
Major Health Concerns Of The Aged.
Dementia And Alzheimer's Disease
Arthritis
Cancer
COPD And Asthma
Coronary Heart Disease
Diabetes And Osteoporosis
HTN And Stroke
Thyroid Problems
Glaucoma
Gender Specific Health Issues
Women's Health Problems
Menopause
Uterine Problems
Male Health Issues
Mental Problems
Section Two. The Social Components Of Ageing
Social Aspects
The Social Needs Of The Elderly
The Importance Of Family
Care Of The Elderly
Living Arrangements
Informal Caregiving
Section Three: Components Of Aging Well
Introduction
Physical Components Of Ageing Well
Nutrition
Avoiding Alcohol And Smoking
Exercises For The Elderly
Intellectual Activities And Attitude
Volunteerism And Personal Development
Anti-Ageing Medicine And Lifestyle
Social Aspects Of Ageing Well
The Importance Of Family And Home Care
Religion And Faith As Factors In Ageing Well
Religion And Social Support
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Furthermore, the family is the social institution that "continues to provide most care and supportive services to their older members." (Informal Caregiving) Family structures in society are estimated to account for about 80 percent of all elderly care in industrialized societies. (Informal Caregiving) This form of care can include short term care after illness or surgery as well as long term assistance when an elderly person is disabled or ill for long periods of time. The type of essential care that family members provide includes "...direct services (grocery shopping, transportation to doctors), the purchase of services (housecleaning, nursing services) and the management of services (coordinating and overseeing medical/rehabilitative care) as well as emotional and social support." (Informal Caregiving)"
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The Freedom of Aging Women, 2006.
This paper discusses the benefits of old age for women, based on the poem "When I am an Old Woman I shall Wear Purple" by Jenny Joseph.
2,655 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how we can ascertain what aging women expect their futures to be like and how they view old age by reading their poetry and other writings. In "When I am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple," (also known as "Warning") we learn that aging women are released from the tyranny of physical beauty. They are free to tap into themselves and rediscover the old liveliness lying dormant since they were young children. The poem offers a positive approach to aging and opens a vista of freedom and possibilities. The poem makes the revolutionary statement that aging isn't so bad after all.
Contents:
Method
Analysis
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The poem is a reassurance to these women that old age has some positive aspects and is something to which they can look forward. In just a few years, they will no longer have to continue their efforts to maintain society's ideal of beauty--that is, a youthful and thin appearance. The poem, taken as a whole, also implies that it is a relief not to have to be sexually attractive to men anymore: "You can wear terrible shirts and grow more fat..." In other words, there is freedom in not having to dress for other people, particularly for the male gaze, anymore. The first time I read this poem, I was reminded of my mother. When she reached the age of 79 and her 80th birthday was coming up soon, she gave up wearing a corset because, as she quietly explained to me, "I have reached an age now where I have a right to be comfortable.""
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Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to explore the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on post menopausal quality of life.
1,975 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that psychological and psychosocial disturbances can reduce the quality of life experienced by post menopausal women; therefore, it is vital that researchers concentrate their efforts on uncovering plausible and effective therapies to improve the mental health and well being of patients during their menopausal and post menopausal years. The author points out that, while the physical side effects and psychosocial side effects of menopause itself have been well studied, relatively little literature exists regarding the mental health and well being of women in the post menopausal phase of life. The paper explains that the longitudinal design of this study will enable the researcher to collect data on the defined variables over time in order to assess the causal relationship that exists between HRT therapy and the quality of life reported by women participating in the study.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Purpose of Study
Background to the Problem
Objectives of Study
Significance of Study
Method
Research Design
Procedure
Data Analysis
Predicted Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"In conducting the study, the researcher will undoubtedly run into some obstacles including determining how to measure change in the participants' health and well being, examining the extent of change and the attributes of change for purposes of the study. Measuring change is a key concept vital to longitudinal research design. As this study is qualitative in nature, the data will be presented via narratives, observations and transcripts from the survey to record and measure data appropriately."
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J. Joseph's "When I am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple", 2005.
This paper explores the concept of 'preminiscence' in aging women's poetry by examining a famous poem about the coming of old age, J. Joseph's "When I am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple" (aka "Warning").
2,655 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that 'preminiscence', the process of projecting the future, is important to the process of aging, which implies that, on the basis of past experience, women shape their futures. The author points out that, in "When I am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple" (AKA "Warning"), the reader learns that aging women, no longer needing to succumb to the temptations of diet aids, beauty products and cosmetic surgery, are released from the tyranny of physical beauty and are free to tap into themselves and rediscover the old feistiness, lying dormant since they were 10 years old. The paper concludes that this poem offers a positive approach to aging and a vista of freedom and possibilities by making the revolutionary statement that aging isn't so bad, after all. Poem included.
Table of Contents
'Preminiscence'
Method
Analysis
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The collection of women's life histories shows that during her 70s, widowhood is a likely possibility for most women. According to Coyle (1997), "Women on the average live longer than men. Women experience a greater life expectancy than men, and as a result, they comprise the majority of older adults." Widowhood is so common, in fact, that women regard it as something like a rite of passage, and although it is initially a shock and extremely painful for many of them, they do recover and reach a point where they see it as a whole new stage of life."
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Alzheimer's Disease, 2006.
This paper describes Alzheimer's disease and some suspected causes.
1,497 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and examines possible causes for the condition. A description of the discovery of the disease is followed by a discussion of its symptoms. A significant portion of the paper is a review of current literature regarding causes of Alzheimer's disease. The paper concludes with a description of populations at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
Table of Contents
AD History
Suspected Causes of AD
Is AD Contagious?
Is it Caused by Something we Eat?
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Proteins, not necessarily those consumed but rather those made in the body, have also formed a basis for AD research. Pathologist George C. Glenner, in 1983, examined the molecular structure of [beta]-amuloid, a structure that constitutes the tip of the plaques present in AD, and discovered that the concentration of these amyloids is particularly high, appearing like strips of sticky substance spilled on a floor and gumming up the works (Odle, 2003). Since Glenner's work, new research indicates that [beta]-amyloid is toxic to neurons, and could therefore easily lead to cell destruction."
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Detecting, Documenting and Reporting Incidents of Elder Abuse, 2006.
A study of the detection, documentation and reporting incidents of elder abuse.
1,875 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a background of the problem of elder abuse followed by a review and discussion of the relevant literature. The study uses a retrospective review of adverse patient incident reports in selected Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) and domiciles in the United States. The paper determines what controlling legislation is in place and the associated responsibilities for healthcare practitioners. It notes that the next step involves detecting and substantiating cases of elder abuse when they occur or are suspected of having occurred. The paper further discusses what should be done when abuse has taken place. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion, where it is noted that virtually all sources suggest the rates of elder abuse are on the increase. However, the definitions of elder abuse have been sufficiently codified in recent years that such incidents can be identified and, when appropriate, reported, investigated and actions can be taken to prevent such abuse in the future.
From the Paper
"Today, there are more elderly than ever before, and their numbers are expected to increase as a percentage of the population in the coming years (Litwin & Zoabi, 2004). Based on this increase in numbers of elderly citizens, it is also reasonable to assume that there will be a concomitant increase in the incidence of elder abuse as well. In fact, in recent years, elder abuse by family members has been identified as a growing problem in Western societies (Bergeron & Gray, 2003; Litwin & Zoabi, 2004); however, it is difficult or perhaps even impossible to know whether elder abuse is actually increasing or decreasing because there is a paucity of national prevalence studies (Litwin & Zoabi, 2004; Johnson, 1991; Ebersole & Hess, 1998). The data that is available, though, suggests that the incidence of elder abuse is on the increase, particularly among those aged 75 years and above (Pritchard, 1993). According to the National Elder Abuse Incidence Study, the most accurate national estimate is that a total of 449,924 elderly people, aged 60 years and over, were the victims of abuse and/or neglect in domestic settings alone in 1996 (p. 6). Furthermore, of that number, just 16 percent or so, or approximately 71,987 cases, were actually reported to elder protection agencies (Bergeron & Gray, 2003). This means that across the country, there were approximately 380,000 cases of elder abuse in the home that went unreported - which is not to say undetected - during that year. Moreover, the National Center on Elder Abuse estimated the number of elder abuse cases across the country in all settings to be from 820,000 to 1,860,000 (cited in Ebersole & Hess, 1998). In reality, though, it does not matter whether elder mistreatment is increasing or decreasing because the fact that some elder citizens continue to experience unnecessary suffering is adequate to warrant attention (Johnson, 1991)."
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Epidemiology of Staphylococcus Aureus, 2006.
The study of staphylococcus aureus, a highly infectious disease in hospitals which particularly affects the elderly.
1,412 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
One of the more challenging problems associated with hospital stays is the nosocomial infections which are caused primarily by staphylococcus aureus. The pathogen appears to be developing specific resistances to the pharmacological weapons developed to date, and the disease continues to represent a threat for many elderly people and those who are already weakened by other physical problems. To determine the cause and potential continuing threat represented by this bacterium, this paper provides a review of the epidemiology of staphylococcus aureus to determine the development of the current body of knowledge about the disease. This is followed by a summary of the research and concludes that this threat will continue and the precautions that need to be taken to try to avoid it.
From the Paper
"While the world has never been a sterile place, it would seem that one of the most prevalent and virulent of mankind's microscopic foes has always been Staphylococcus aureus. In fact, staphylococci are ubiquitous, and approximately 30 percent to 50 percent of healthy human beings will be carrying staphylococci at any one time (Eidson, Olson & Sewell, 1997). Staphylococcus aureus is a genus of spherical bacteria of the family Micrococcaceae; the Staphylococcus aureus is universally present in enormous numbers on the mucous membranes and skin of humans and other warm-blooded animals. The umbrella term, "staphylococcus" is popularly used for all the species of the family, and is a reference to the cells' tendency to aggregate in grapelike clusters (Staphylococcus, 2005). Staphylococci are microbiologically characterized as gram-positive (in young cultures), non-spore-forming, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes (e.g., not requiring oxygen); the cells of S. aureus average 1 mm (micrometer; 1 mm = 10-6 meter) in diameter and are usually clustered (Staphylococcus, 2005)."
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