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Creating Cultures of Achievement, 2002. This paper discusses the need for competitive achievements as a way of creating a successful society. 1,382 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95 »
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Abstract This paper first illustrates the argument that cultures of achievement are essential to democratic society. Then, methodologies for introducing such cultures to a community are proposed and examples of a plausible organization that seeks to achieve this goal in the form of an intra-mural squash club are given.
From the Paper "In a book called Geography of Nowhere - The Rise and Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape, James Howard Kunstler makes a dismal observation about the landscape of America. Whereas America was once a land of Our-Town-esque Main Streets and cogent communities, it has fallen into an amorphous array of highways, fast food restaurants, parking lots and sprawling pre-fab housing developments. He makes the claim that Eighty percent of everything ever built in America has been built in the last fifty years, and most of it is depressing, brutal, ugly, unhealthy, and spiritually degrading. The diffusion of American society to the corners of the carbon-copy suburbs and exurbs is lamentable, however, one is forced to ask why people fled the urban neighborhoods that had formed the nuclei of social interaction.
Robert Putnam, Dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, blames the alienation of the individual from society on the decline of group-oriented social activities. Not only does he see these as key to building better communities, he claims that they are essential to the American Republic. His book, Bowling Alone, has been considered the most important work on society in America in the 1990?s. In an interview about his book, Putnam described why he considered a competitive sport such as bowling to be such a crucial element in society. Writing in 1994, Putnam notes that although bowling alone, which is non-competitive, is up by 10% since 1980, the existence of competitive bowling leagues was down by 40%."
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Illegal Street Racing, 2002. A positive look at the street racing sub culture. 2,930 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 86.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the sport of illegal street racing which, although seen by many as a dangerous and harmful activity is actually full of custom, tradition, and history. It shakes off the stereotype of street racing as just another juvenile crime group by showing that the majority of participants are in fact employed full-time, generally as mechanics, or in other trades such as carpentry, boiler making or shop fitting while others tend to be in full-time education, either at high school or ay local universities. It shows how although 18- to 25-year-olds make up the core the illegal street racing culture, the trend cuts across all races, as well as both genders and how it provides a drug-free and violence free society to compete in, while still earning respect from their peers.
From the Paper "The street racing sub-culture draws its main interest, however, due to two elements which also exist in the mainstream culture, those of masculinity, and the symbol of the car. Various sociological and criminological authors have discussed this link. Australian sociologist Rob White, in his book No Space of Their Own, focuses on the way in which, for many men, "the car becomes indelibly stamped into their consciousness as a key symbol of masculinity" (1990, 124-25). Criminologist Chris Cunneen (1985, 85) claims that the relationship is one of power, arguing, ?There is a necessity in seeing the way cars and motorbikes are symbolic objects of masculine power."
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Soccer, 2002. A classification essay on the game of soccer. 957 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95 »
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Abstract This paper provides a general overview of the game of soccer. It examines the reasons why the game has not become popular in America. The paper then discusses the different competitions and tournaments where soccer is played, including the World Cup, the FC Champions' Cup and the Olympics.
From the Paper "Though Americans may not have yet found soccer to be game that deserves National acceptance there remain die-hard fans that follow the games played in the nation and abroad. Then with the growth of the media the World Cup fever grips the nations and even America cannot remain immune. Thus, in 1994 it hosted the World Cup and since then the diminishing game has again taken hold in the country. To give the Americans their due even before 1994 there was an established soccer network within the states and national competitions were held with the most prestigious being the US Open Cup under the U.S. Soccer Federation's National Championship."
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Tae Kwon Do, 2002. An introduction to the martial art of Tae Kwon Do which affects the practitioner on the mental as well as the physical level. 645 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 23.95 »
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Abstract The paper provides a brief insight into Korean art of Tae Kwon Do. It discusses how it comprises the grace and flexibility training of yoga, the self defense potential of Judo and the mental prowess of Aikido but surpasses all other martial arts in its attention to all facets of the human being. It shows how Tae Kwon Do does not involve weapons and can be practiced by all.
From the Paper "Tae Kwon Do?s immediate ability to tone muscles, develop confidence, and encourage flexibility make it especially appealing to those who do not wish to devote years of time to perfecting the art. Other martial arts, like Tai Chi, Capoiera, and Aikido, demand rigorous training schedules and results may not be noticed for years or even decades. Tae Kwon Do can be practiced sporadically and still enjoyed for its physical and mental rewards. Teachers work one on one with students, tailoring the practice to their needs without sacrificing tradition."
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Women and Sports, 2002. A study of women gaining presence in American sports. 1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95 »
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Abstract The paper addresses the issues of women in sports, the changing trends and the struggle involved in accomplishing the desired place in athletics. It describes how the field of sports since 1970?s, has been the obtrusive battleground to fight for the equality of sex. he paper describes how women?s participation in sports has increased dramatically since the passage of Title IX.
Table of Contents:
Gender Discrimination and Women Sports Participation
Role of Title IX in Women?s Sports Participation
Increased Sports Opportunities for Women
Increase in Men?s Support for Women Sports
Practical Implications to Increase Women Participation in Sports
Getting Results Through Increasing Awareness
Removal of Myths
Augmenting Press Coverage
Getting Authorities Intervene and Take Adequate Actions
Conclusion
From the Paper "Sports are another field where racial differences and gender biases are common. Women equality to play, to prove their abilities and to compete with men on the field is still a primary goal on the women rights association?s agenda, those organizations working to ameliorate the contemporary conditions of the womenfolk. However gone are the days when women were willing to conform to the roles of a domestic wife, an obedient daughter and a dutiful sister. Women of today are not only well educated but they are also aware of their rights as human beings. With the signing of the Title IX, women became adamant in accomplishing equality of sex in the field of sports, apart from other disciplines."
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Ulnar Collateral Ligament, 2002. This paper discusses damage to the Ulnar Collateral Ligament, a common sports injury. 1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95 »
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Abstract This paper describes that certain types of throwing motions put extreme stress on the Ulnar Collateral Ligament ligament. The author points out that physical examinations are often inexact and tests are not 100% accurate; therefore, making a diagnosis is the most difficult part of treating an ulnar collateral ligament problem. The paper concludes that, if the patient wants to return to overhead or throwing sporting activities, and does not respond to non-surgical treatments, then surgery is recommended.
From the Paper "Injuries of the ulnar collateral ligament are daily events in the sports world. Seldom a day goes by that some athlete does not make the news with such injuries. Chicago Cubs pitcher Kerry Wood suffered significant damage in 1999 .Pitcher, Scott Williamson of the Cincinnati Reds had surgery last year to repair the torn ligament in his right elbow .These are common injuries and seldom interfere permanently with an athlete?s career."
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Pete Rose, 2002. This paper discusses the career and different perceptions of Pete Rose, the baseball great. 2,820 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 83.95 »
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Abstract This paper, in addition to detailing Rose's life, describes the controversy around his ethics. The paper points out that Rose was banned for life from baseball as punishment for gambling on the games, and he has not been induced into the Baseball Hall of Fame. The author feels that Rose's ethical behavior and his baseball skills need to be separated and that he should be admitted.
From the Paper "Others, including many baseball players, feel Rose got his just desserts when he was banned for life from baseball. His arrogance rubbed against the grain of many fellow teammates. Former teammate, Joe Morgan, describes how Rose always played hard with his chest strutted out, saying, ?I never say anybody who played every game like it was the seventh game of the World Series, not even me??but? ?A lot of guys say they wouldn?t come back if Pete gets in?. Bob Feller believes no one would come back. When Johnny Bench was being inducted into the Hall of Fame a few years ago, shouts of ?We want Pete? came from the crowd, to which Bench responded, ?You can have him? Bench clearly has no sympathy for Rose. Recently during a radio interview, the commentator remarked that society has become liberal enough that there is common acceptance for many things such as recovering alcoholics and drug addicts, ?so why not gambling?is betting illegal?? Bench remarked, ?It is if you?re playing the game?Everybody says ?Oh, that?s Pete.? Then everybody is betrayed? "
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Women?s Athletics on the Rise, 2002. A paper which explores how women's participation in athletics has increased dramatically in contemporary American sporting history. 947 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95 »
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Abstract The paper explores how, over the past decade, women?s athletics has seen an exceptional increase in popularity. While ?traditional? women?s sportssuch as tennis, gymnastics and ice-skating have always been popular among the American public, other sports such as soccer, basketball and boxing are gaining new fans. The paper shows, however, that the popularity of women in sports has not been an overnight phenomenon. It explores how women athletes have been slowly knocking down barriers for decades, from Wilma Rudolph (track) to Billie Jean King (tennis) to Nancy Lieberman Kline (basketball), women athletes have done more than just compete, that have campaigned for the inclusion of women in sports and have been outstanding advocates for women in athletics. This paper explores the rise of women's participation in athletics and how the present day has witnessed the best support for women athletes in American history.
From the Paper "Undeniably, women have made remarkable strides in athletics. Women athletes have much more issues to conquer than their male counterparts. For example, male athletes do not have to deal with sexism and a culture that prevents them from realizing their true potential. A revolutionary law, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is a federal law that prohibits sex discrimination in any educational program or activity at any educational institution that is a recipient of federal funds. Since the enacting Title IX there has been over an eight hundred percent increase in athletics participation among high school girls. The increase in the number of females participating in sports at all levels from elementary school to professional athletes lies in the paradigm shift in our shared values and beliefs."
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Sociology , Sports and Race, 2002. A discussion of gender bias and racial discrimination in sports. 1,983 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines the issue of gender and racial discrimination in sport both at college as well as professional level. It attempts to dispel the myths regarding women equality and meritocracy in sports, such that women earn through professional as well as college sports as much as their male counterparts. It examines the struggles involving women recognition in sports through the history of basketball which evolved in 1891 but only allowed women players in 1971 and the differences in women participation in college sports and professional sports. The paper also outlines the racial desegregation of college and professional sports, bringing out the similarities and the differences to that of gender bias.
From the Paper "Though women face various challenges in the name of discrimination in sports oriented activities and career advancements, women in college sports face less resistance due to the fact that at college level, friendships and relationships are more sound and meaningful than at a professional level where shrewd politics dominate the sports scenario and extreme resistance is faced by women who are professional athletes. Moreover, in college sports, due to combined activities, women get more or less the same facilities and coaching aid that their male friends receive. Alternately, women athletes on a professional level are struggling hard to receive better or equal facilities than men athletes."
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Steroids in Sports, 2002. This paper discusses the debate of whether athletes should be allowed to use performance-enhancing drugs in order to improve their performance. 750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 26.95 »
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Abstract The paper begins by looking at arguments for the use of steroids in sports. It quotes Barry Bonds, a major league baseball player who has no reservations about the use of steroids in sports; as well as Ken Caminiti, who won the National League Most Valuable Player Award in 1996. It lists the arguments of the proponents of steroid use. The paper then turns to study the side effects of steroid use and the reservations held by opponents of using drugs in sports. The paper concludes with the writer?s personal opinion on the topic.
From the Paper "Should athletes be allowed to use performance-enhancing drugs in order to improve their performance? Steroid usage in sports has long been a big issue for many athletes both professional and amateur. Steroids are not condoned in any sport however; some athletes do take the chance by using performance-enhancing drugs in order to increase the chances of a successful outcome in a competition. Many athletes have been barred from participating in certain sports because they were convicted of taking steroids. In light of this, one can only wonder how many top athletes have won events due to the use of steroids. There are many sides to the debate of whether or not athletes should be able to use steroids. Despite health reasons there are quite a few people who do believe that athletes should be allowed to use performance-enhancers. On the other hand, there are those who believe that steroids should not be used."
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