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Fitness Swimming, 2006.
An overview of the health benefits of swimming.
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
Although swimming has long been deemed the best overall workout for the body, it has only been during the last few years that swimming and aqua workouts have gained popularity. This paper looks at how swimming and other aqua workouts allows everyone, young and old to participate in an over-all body exercise that benefits the heart, muscles, lungs, joints and mind without the restrictions and potential injuries of other forms of traditional sports and exercise programs.
From the Paper
"Dr. Jane Katz recommends swimming for everyone, especially for the elderly because it is gentle on older joints, muscles, and bones and unlike most other sports, it works all the major muscle groups and builds upper body strength (Michaels pp). Katz says that the beauty of buoyancy and the hydro-static effect of the water is that it gives an upward feeling and helps to protect the joints, making water an excellent rehabilitation medium (Michaels pp). According to Katz, in chin-deep water, an individual weighs one tenth of their body weight on land, while one weighs about fifty percent in waist-deep water, and thigh-deep water provides resistance while still allowing an individual to move easily (Michaels pp)."
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The Olympic Games, 2005.
An overview of the history of the Olympic Games from their origins in Ancient Greece.
1,619 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the history of the Olympic Games from the first record of the games at Olympia in 776 BC. It looks at how the first Olympic Games were not the games of today that represent a worldwide competition between the best athletes of the world. The ancient Olympic Games were dedicated to the Gods and only involved Greek athletes. It also examines the beginnings of the modern Olympic Games from their inception in France in 1900 and how they have over the years endeared political influences, performance enhancing drugs and the bribery of the IOC (International Olympic Committee).
From the Paper
"The ancient Greek Olympics were held every four years from 776 BC for the next 12 centuries. The ancient games lasted until 393 AD. The Romans had won the wars against the Greeks in 146 BC and were now in control of the Olympics. The games lasted until 393 AD, when the Roman Emperor Theodosius I (Rolfe 14) decided to end the games. The Emperor was incensed that the people were worshipping the gods and he wanted them to worship him. The Romans ruined the Olympic stadium and what was left was destroyed by natural events, such as floods and earthquakes. This was the end of the ancient Greek Olympic games. It would be centuries before the games would be reinstated and they would be different from the ancient games, but the influence of the ancient Greeks would forever be evident in the competitions."
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College Athletes? Grades, 2005.
This paper discusses the failure of colleges to insist upon and help maintain the grades of their athletes.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one reason colleges have been unable to handle effectively the problem of athletes with abysmal grades is that star players bring wealthy alums back to campus, along with their checkbooks. The author points out that the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) approved a reform package, particularly for the big money-making sports of football and basketball, which require more stringent eligibility rules for recruiting; once in college, the athletes must graduate within five years, completing 20 percent of the coursework each year, while maintaining at least a 1.8 grade-point average as a freshman, and a 2.0 each year thereafter to be eligible to play. The paper relates that there is a correlation between lower grades (even lower than usual) among college athletes during their sport's season and that academically marginal student athletes respond less successfully to the increased demands of college.
Table of Contents
Abortive Mission
A Lesson from the High School
Poor Excuses
From the Paper
"At least since 1998, high schools in wealth Northern Virginia have tightened academic standards for student athletes and for other students who participate in other extracurricular activities as well. Fairfax County coaches and teachers had begun monitoring student grades. In addition, in Fairfax County, the students cannot comply with the demand for a C average or better by taking only one or two easy classes; "students are required to take five classes and pass five classes in a previous school semester to be eligible to participate in athletics." If a student does drop two letter grades in a subject or his grade-point average drops below 2.0, he is counseled by coaches and offered help."
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Sports Sociology, 2004.
An analysis of the sociology of sports and gender defining issues.
2,610 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issues of masculinity and femininity in sport. The paper contends that in order to understand the equation of sports and masculinity, one should initially examine sports and femininity. The paper explains that those sports that are labeled feminine and would detract from rather than support a man's masculinity are those (at least in western cultures) that allow the participant to conform to the stereotypes of femininity. The function of sport in society is examined in the paper.
Outline
Introduction
Considering the Masculine and the Feminine Principles
Societal Function of Sport
Boys Will Be Boys, If They Find Out How
The Most Powerful Form of Masculinity
Anecdotal Evidence
Not Playing, but Winning, Equals Masculinity
Sports Dominance Equals Dominance, Period
Conclusion
From the Paper
"French, German, Spanish and a number of other languages ascribe gender-masculinity and femininity-to every noun in the language. Sometimes the reasoning is not accessible: Why should a German ornament--denoted by the word Schmuck--be masculine, for instance? And why should Schrift (writing) be feminine? While these are imponderables, understanding the masculine qualities of sports is less difficult. Indeed, understanding that, in modern society, sports are equated with masculinity is not difficult at all. Despite the labeling of various activities as masculine and feminine, sports "have generally been labeled as masculine, although some sports are considered to be feminine" (Koivula 2001 377+). Koivula believes that sport is a representation of the cultural milieu in which it occurs and that sports both reflect and reproduce the attitudes, beliefs, rituals and values of the society. "It is therefore argued that sport has been, and continues to be, a site for the construction, reconstruction, strengthening, and naturalization of perceived gender differences" (Koivula 2001 377+), and notably, it contributes to the ways in which each gender is valued by society."
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Oakland Athletics, 2005.
An analysis of the Oakland Athletics stadium and its viability as a place of sports entertainment.
2,841 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by providing a history of Oakland Athletics. It explains how the stadium was forced to move locations for a number of reasons and discusses how this move impacted its popularity. The writer discusses the sports that are played in the stadium. A SWOT analysis of the stadium is also presented.
From the Paper
"The story of Oakland Athletics starts in 1901 as Philadelphia Athletics and the stadium then had a capacity of only 9,500 seats. The capacity increased to 13,600 seats by 1905. This led to the opening of the Shibe Park or Connie Mack Stadium in the same city in 1909. The stadium was further developed to start night games in 1939 and capacity increased from 20,000 to 33,000 in the meantime. The name of the stadium was after a famous baseball manufacturer and this was the first concrete and steel stadium in major league. The name was changed as mentioned in 1953 after the famous player and the stadium existed till 1970. In the meantime, the team had decided to move from Philadelphia to Kansas City in November1954. This necessitated a new stadium for them and this was built on the site of the Blues stadium and that was the home of Kansas City Blues and the Negro Leagues Kansas City Monarchs. The existence of many teams at the same stadium led to the adding of a roofed second tier and the name being changed to Municipal Stadium. This led to their move to Network Associate Coliseum and that has been from 1968 and the capacity has been around 50,000. (Ballparks: 1901 - Present)"
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Boxing, 2004.
A brief analysis of whether boxing should be banned.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that boxing should not be banned because it is a natural athletic competition that is no more violent than any other sport. The paper claims that, although many gambling and financial scandals have plagued the boxing industry over the years, boxing remains one of the most profitable sports in the United States. The paper explains that to ban boxing would severely damage the sports broadcasting industry and the sports media. The paper states that the sport fuels the pay-per-view industry as well and banning the sport would injure the livelihoods of many who work within related industries.
From the Paper
"Boxing was banned from the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 because the sport was considered to be too violent. Only until 1920 did the sport gain international recognition, followed by a wave of immense popularity due to the likes of boxing heroes like Cassius Clay (Mohammad Ali) and George Foreman. Undoubtedly boxing is one of the most blatantly violent sports. Only recently has one-on-one fighting superceded boxing's intensity on television with the anything-goes rules of "ultimate fighting" competitions. Boxing usually results in at least a little blood spill, and involves intense blows to the head that can cause brain damage or even death. In extreme cases, the violence of boxing bleeds outside of the ring, as when Mike Tyson brutally bit the ear of opponent Evander Holyfield. Because of the intensity of boxing's violence, many individuals and groups have called for a ban of boxing, at least on television."
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Emmitt Smith, 2004.
An analysis of the life and achievements of professional athlete, Emmitt Smith.
3,294 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the career of professional athlete, Emmitt Smith. The paper contends that there are some who say that Smith is only a football player and should certainly not lay a foundation of any significance in our culture. The writer of this paper believes otherwise and aims to prove that Emmitt Smith is and should continue to be a cultural icon for his many achievements.
Outline
Introduction
Cultural View
Sporting Icons
Emmitt Smith the Person
The Dallas Cowboys
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These revenues that are generated in a direct or indirect manner by the professional athletes like Emmitt Smith also are an example of how important they are in the realm of the current trends towards globalization for both business and cultural views of the world. "One specific focus of these debates is whether or not the new international economic, national, and cultural alliances, in conjunction with an ever-expanding mediascape, are contributing to a standardized, homogenized, and globally shared culture. The emergent, simulated cultural space and experience, which are largely, but not exclusively, driven by the machinations of American-mediated popular culture, are seemingly demonstrated by the universal presence of commodity-signs such as CNN, Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Nike, Baywatch, the Disney Corporation, the NBA, and the focus of our analysis, Michael Jordan. While it would be a mistake to deny the global ubiquity of this ever-expanding economy of cultural artifacts, it would be equally erroneous to suggest that an increased circulation of commodity-signs inevitably leads to the creation of globally homogeneous or "Americanized" patterns of popular cultural existence." (Sands) "
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Sports, 2004.
An analysis of the changes that have occurred in the sports industry over the last half a century.
1,859 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that sports have graduated in the last half of the twentieth century from hobbies or pastimes into the pure, unadulterated pursuit of profit. The paper explains that sports have become a commodity to be exploited as far as the market will allow. The paper presents a brief history of American sports. The paper examines the latest changes in business that have allowed the sports industry to grow, globalization and communications technologies. The paper claims that these two clearly go hand in hand to some extent. The paper states that both have contributed to the acceleration of the commodification of sports.
From the Paper
"If you were to ask the average American what they thought was wrong with professional sports today they would likely tell you that the amount of money athletes make is simply grotesque. After all, we live in an age where an eighteen year-old kid can rake in ten million dollars a year for putting a ball through a hole (and that's not to mention the endorsement deals). Meanwhile, a city garbage man counts himself lucky to earn ten dollars an hour for performing a task much more essential to the functioning of society. So, how did such a drastic disparity come about? Well, it is a funny consequence of the free market economy and the flashy spectacle we call sports. However, it's crucial to keep in mind that the athletes are not to blame. They are not, necessarily, greedy or overpaid but what actually caused their drastic pay increase over the past forty years was the realization of their true market value. The setting that professional sports are currently in, economically, means that these player salaries are merely the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the commodification of these sports."
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Training for Young Soccer Players, 2004.
An analysis of conditioning regimens that harmonize the technical and physical condition of young sports players to improve their performance and reduce the likelihood of injuries.
9,270 words (approx. 37.1 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 191.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to determine the proper training method that will develop the strength, speed, cleverness and aerobic capacity of young soccer players between the ages of 12 and 16 years old. A qualitative analysis is conducted of the relevant and peer-reviewed literature to develop some sound guidelines that can be followed in virtually any setting to help improve the physical conditioning of young athletes on and off the soccer field, as well as some useful insights to help overcome the obstacles inherent in promoting healthy alternatives with young people today. A summary of the research, conclusions and recommendations to this end are provided in the conclusion chapter.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Limitations/Delimitations of Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"In addition, a number of states do not have a daily physical education requirement, and even in those that do, many children in physical education classes are not meeting the desired physical fitness goals. Finally, an increasing number of American children are engaging in sedentary activities such as television viewing and web "surfing," trends that are increasingly occupying significant amounts of children's free time (Dietz, 1990). There are a wide range of approaches to help reduce sports-related injuries in young athletes such as coaching education, parent education, proper equipment; in addition, the establishment of fundamental fitness abilities, including preparatory muscle conditioning as a preventative health measure should not be overlooked. According to the American College of Sports Medicine, up to 50 percent of all injuries sustained by children while playing organized sports are likely preventable (Smith, Andrish, & Micheli, 1993)."
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Sports Participation, 2005.
A research study examining the relationship between participation in sports and self-esteem.
1,596 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This research paper examines the impact sports participation has on self- esteem and a student's sense of self-worth. In particular, this study seeks to determine whether or not a relationship exists between high self-esteem and sports participation, particularly among high school and collegiate students. The paper examines the hypothesis that participation in sports during high school and collegiate years contributes to improved self-esteem. The researcher of the paper combines qualitative analysis of the research with quantitative field examination to prove or disprove this hypothesis.
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Methods
Results
Discussion/Conclusions
From the Paper
"There have been numerous studies in recent years that have attempted to evaluate the effects of exercise and sports on one's well being. The results of many of these studies have been controversial. It is important for the medical community and for individuals working with students and the population at large to understand the relationship that exists between sports participation and self esteem. Numerous correlations studies have suggested that a relationship does exist between self esteem and sports."
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