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Professional Athletes, 2006.
A look at the astronomical salaries that professional athletes command.
2,582 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the tremendous salaries that professional athletes receive and the implications of such high-salaried players for the economy and society. The paper suggests that, in terms of the economy, the high salaries that professional athletes receive may actually be a good sign, even though, from a moral perspective, it may be a bad sign for society.
From the Paper
"Marshall Burrow points out that Michael Jordan makes an amazing 33 million dollars a year, not to mention another 40 million a year in endorsements. Burrow has even gone as far as to break Jordan's salary down to the day. Michael Jordan makes $170,000 a day! Is anyone, much less an athlete, worth a $170,000 a day? Once again, Jordan's salary is not reflective of his value to society. The president of the United States makes a somewhat modest $250,000 a year, and this basketball player practically brings that home each day. We should keep in mind that while sports are a business, that's not what they were originally intended for, as Burrow points out that, "They are just games, and games are supposed to be something we do for fun!" "
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Gender Equality in Athletics, 2004.
An analysis of Title IX, the law promoting gender equality in scholastic and collegiate athletic events.
2,993 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial role that Title IX has played in guaranteeing equal opportunities to both genders in high school and collegiate athletics. The paper explains that the topic's justification stems from its almost limitless potential in affording valuable opportunities to athletes who otherwise might have been excluded from participation. It outlines the three main applications of Title IX - the promise to guarantee gender equity of financial assistance to athletic programs, the accommodation of athletic interests and abilities and equal benefits, opportunities and treatment provided to athletes.
From the Paper
"From its inception one June 23,1972, Title IX has been subject to much congressional debate and modification, fortunately being upheld and even expanded in the last 27 years. The first substantial threat to Title IX occurred in 1974, with Senator Tower proposed the Tower Amendment, which would "exempt revenue-earning sports from being tabulated" in Title IX compliance data. Although it was defeated, the slight modification of the Javits Amendment, "with respect to intercollegiate activities, reasonable provision considering the nature of participating sports," was approved, thus allowing for provisions of inevitable, slight inequalities with regards to event management. Two more attempts to restrict the extent of Title IX with regards to revenue-producing sports were defeated in 1975, and the same year the Title was signed into law by President Gerald R. Ford. The controversy was reawakened in 1977 when Senators Jesse Helms and Representative Martin called for the repealing of Title IX, but their efforts did not win sufficient support. At the decade's end, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare finally instituted a formal policy to define the function of Title IX, that it listed "an institution's obligation to provide equal opportunities and details the factors to considered in assessing actual compliance." "
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Muhammed Ali, 2005.
Examines how this world champion boxer influenced the 1960s.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the life and career of Cassius Clay, later known as Muhammed Ali. By exploring several sources, including Jose Torres' "Sting Like a Bee", the paper shows how Ali influenced the sport of boxing and American society as a whole in the 1960s. The paper also touches on the racial element.
Paper Outline:
The Early Years
On the Road To Glory (1950s)
On the Road to Glory (1960s)
Works Cited
From the Paper
"In fact, if we look at Clay's image and impact upon the boxing world and American society during this period, it is highly likely that many people regarded him as a serious threat to the status quo, and the very fabric of the "American" way of life. Within this context, we can argue that Clay probably served as an inspirational and positive role model for other young men of color who wanted to believe that they could overcome any obstacle in life and achieve their dreams - what ever they may be."
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Robert Creamer's "Babe: The Legend Comes to Life", 2006.
A summary and review of Robert Creamer's book on the life of legendary baseball player Babe Ruth.
948 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a critique of Robert Creamer's biography of Babe Ruth, "Babe: The Legend Comes to Life". The paper praises the book for its factual information and non-judgemental approach to telling Babe Ruth's story but criticizes the author's strict adherence to dry detail.
From the Paper
"In his book Babe: The Legend Comes to Life, Robert Creamer creates a portrait of Babe Ruth that incorporates the Bambino's greatest career achievements with his most personal disasters. Ruth is held beneath the microscope of history and ultimately placed in a petrie dish labeled "Legendary player, really bad boy." Previous biographies, Creamer tells us in his introduction, portray single-sided aspects of one of baseball's most complex and intriguing characters. This is "not intended to be a book for boys," [21] but rather "a thorough, detailed biography of the Babe.""
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The Berlin Olympics, 2005.
Examines the backdrop against which the 1936 Olympic Games were played in Berlin, Germany.
3,349 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
On May 13, 1931, the International Olympic Committee, headed by Count Henri Baillet-Latour of Belgium, awarded the 1936 Summer Olympics to Berlin. This paper examines the political and social situation of Germany at the time, under the leadership of Adolph Hitler. It shows how he used the two weeks that the whole world would be watching, to turn Germany into a showcase and soften his anti-semitic policies.
The paper also discusses the games themselves and the controversies surrounding Hitler's apparent snubbing at the victories of black American athletes.
From the Paper
"Of course, the Games were not without controversy in the several years prior to 1936. As Hitler assumed power and the Nazis formed a one-party dictatorship, there were efforts to remove the Games from Berlin for political reasons. The United States was especially vehement about moving the games. But, the International Olympic Committee, in trying to prove their rationale for awarding the games to Berlin, claimed that the Games would be under the auspices of the German government, and not the Nazi party,. Perhaps some people forgot that in Germany now these two were one and the same thing. Still, the Games were in the hands of the German Olympic Organizing Committee, headed by a Dr. Lewald, its president, and Dr. Diem, its secretary-general. Both were pre-Nazi Germans, and were not in good standing with the Nazi party, but somehow they managed to retain control."
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Paying College Athletes, 2006.
An overview of the question of whether to pay college athletes or not.
2,874 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper questions whether college sports players deserve to be paid for their contribution to the college or not. It looks at whether the athletes would benefit from the pay incentive or whether the entire nature of college sports would be altered by the monetary compensation being offered.
From the Paper
"But there are ways to let the athletes in on the profits without involving the colleges. Simply allow the athletes to earn money off their talents from outside sources. That means nothing more than granting athletes the same financial rights all other students already posses. Other students can make money in their respective fields while in school, why can't athletes? If a school can receive a percentage of all apparel sold with the team logo on it, why can't players get a cut of T-shorts bearing their name, number or likeness? If a coach can appear as paid "expert analyst", why can't a player? If a coach can endorse a favorite restaurant, why can't a player? If a coach can strike a deal with a shoe company, why can't a player. After all, players, not coaches wear the shoes. So it stems to reason that players, not coaches, should receive the money."
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Sociology of Sports, 2006.
A thesis paper about the controversial issues around sports as a social entity.
2,958 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues of racism and ethnicity in sports. By providing a thesis statement, literature review, discussion and conclusion, this paper examines why the issue of sports as a social entity is so controversial. It explains that not enough studies have been performed in the sphere of sports and racism and ethnic issues.
Outline:
Thesis
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Why is the sociological study of sports so controversial? The subject is controversial for several reasons. Generally competitive sports offer the disadvantaged and the ghettoized young person a relatively level playing field in which to excel. Because of this many individualized from disadvantaged racial and ethnic backgrounds have used their personal athletic talents to lift themselves up by their bootstraps and find success in society at large. In contrast to the relatively level playing field offered by competitive athletics, an individual whose ethnic and or racial group is subject to prejudice and exclusion by the dominant social group, will find it difficult to evolve beyond the position of player to any management position in the same field."
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The Human Heart Rate, 2005.
This paper discusses the human heart rate and the way it is effected by exercise.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, within the world of health and fitness, heart rate, which defines the number of contractions of the human heart in one minute, at rest for the male adult human heart, beats approximately 70 beats per minute; whereas, female hearts tend to beat faster at around 75 beats per minute. The author points out that physical exercise causes a normal person's heart rate to increase above the resting heart rate; as the physical activity becomes more vigorous, the heart rate increases, reaching maximum heart rate with very vigorous exercise. The paper concludes that heart rate monitoring helps to ensure a safe and effective aerobic workout and allows the exerciser to track changes, which are taking place in his or her cardiovascular system as he or she develops an exercise regimen and seeks aerobic fitness.
From the Paper
"Another type of heart rate is the working heart rate. One challenge in raising the heart rate is that the more conditioned that a heart becomes, the more difficult it is to elevate. If a heart's rate is too high during exercise, it can be lowered in the next workout by exercising less vigorously and minimizing arm movements. Conversely, if the heart rate is too low, exercise can become more vigorous to increase it. This heart rate is measured by taking the working heart rate for 6 seconds after each aerobic routine and then multiplying this number by 10 to determine the number of beats per minute."
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Michael Jordan, 2005.
Examines the marketing attraction of one of the world's greatest basketball players.
2,088 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
Marketing is the exchange that takes place between consumers and sellers to satisfy individual and organizational goals. Successful marketing is customer driven. It encompasses having the right product, at the right price and at the right time. The paper show that this is also the reason that Michael Jordan is a "superstar," instead of just another basketball player. It discusses Jordan's successful campaign with Nike Inc. and how his image affected American society.
From the Paper
"In a culture with an inexhaustible passion to rank, to quantify, to compare and contrast everything, Michael Jordan has been the universal measuring device in appraising greatness. The overpowering magnificence of Jordan, the athlete and cultural phenomenon, has had a profound effect on global society. He didn't invent the fashions, just as he didn't invent the smile and the wink, but he combined all of them in such an engaging manner that the once-unsightly affectations became trendy, and his image became nearly as admirable as his unsurpassed skills."
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Anabolic Steroids, 2006.
A look at the place that anabolic steroids have in the sports arena.
3,025 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
Anabolic steroids have become an integral part of the equation for athletic success in a number of sports. The paper explains that the advantages associated with the drugs are substantial and readily apparent, while the disadvantages are often seen as insignificant or unobserved. It points out that although the specific mechanisms by which anabolic steroids harm and kill remain clouded, there is enough proof to condemn the drugs from a medical perspective. Morally, they not only put into question the place of sports in society, but the entire bond between effort and outcome in physical achievement. The writer concludes that as long as the driving force behind sports is victory and competition, any advantage-whether perceived or real, legal or illegal-will categorically be pursued.
From the Paper
"Anabolic steroids can be lethal. "Most of these lethal effects have involved the cardiovascular system and have been reported in case studies." (Taylor, 76). Heart attack, blood clots in the lungs, strokes, intra-abdominal hemorrhages, and suicides have been identified as possibly being the result of steroids (Taylor, 76). Although many models have been developed to explain the connection between anabolic steroids and these forms of death, there is currently no clear consensus in the medical community. Nevertheless, statistically athletes who are steroid users have been identified as approximately ten percent more likely to suffer premature deaths than athletes who are non-steroid users (Taylor, 77). Such a strong correlation establishes steroid use as exceedingly dangerous to everyone who uses them, regardless of their previous physical condition."
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