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Diversity Teaching, 2005.
An analysis of the issues surrounding teaching students from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds in Australia.
9 words (approx. 0.0 pages), 2422 sources, MLA, $ 17.95
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Abstract
Teachers and parents play complex roles in the educational attainment of language and literacy learners. This paper discusses issues surrounding the effectiveness of teachers of students from diverse backgrounds. It attempts to show how for children whom English is not the first language, a thorough understanding of the literacy practices of the home is vital to ensure they have the best chance to succeed at school.
From the Paper
"Viewing language learning as cultural rather than natural shifts language away from the realm of personal development, becoming cultural capital. Traditional literacy practices involve the imposition of texts and readings by the dominant culture, leading to students becoming alienated and disempowered. This leads us to the conclusion that literacy is not a unitary skill. People can be literate in many ways, for example computer literate, 'street' literate, or even classroom literate, but each individual literacy involves being an insider to a particular Discourse. (Green & Campbell 2003)"
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Wallace Stevens' Poetry, 2005.
Individualized overview of Wallace Stevens' poetry and poetics as they emerged, book-by-book.
3,472 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This general overview of Wallace Stevens' work, introducing his individual volumes of poetry, book-by-book, highlights the major points of his poetics without the usual associative amalgam of theme, form, diction, imagery, symbolism and belief that complicates most surveys of his poetry. The paper explains that the volumes appeared as separate collections, but the Stevens criticism and scholarship invariably commingles them as if they were parts of a simultaneously generated whole. This book-by-book overview clarifies the poetic perspective and suggests revisiting his collections with a fresh modular approach.
From the Paper
"Wallace Stevens' poetic development began with his apprentice poems published under pseudonyms in the Harvard Advocate at the turn of the century, but it was not until more than twenty years later that his elegant style and ambiguous motifs detonated into the flashy modernism of Harmonium (1923). The first change of style was drastic; he jettisoned the conventional sonnet, absorbed imagism, experimented with semi-open forms and, by liberating his style, he liberated also his sense of the bizarre, comical, and relentlessly aesthetic. Even between the brief lyrics and the deft prosody of the longer poems, Stevens' style invariably shifts to accommodate his tenets about the axis of imagination and reality. This overview looks at those shifts book-by-book."
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Language and Culture, 2005.
This paper discusses the impact of the multilevel group classroom and the materials used to teach English and the problems of deculturation after adopting English as a main language in the Singapore culture.
3,745 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, through language, people formulate and express their thoughts, suggesting that learning a second language is a complex task, not simply a matter of learning a system of rules for linking sounds and meanings. The author believes that bilingual children in Singapore should be encouraged to speak their first language and should be assisted to learn English as their second language because the government and society put constant pressure on children to master English to survive economically. The paper relates that materials used in teaching multilevel and age group children must be authentic developmentally and age-appropriate and be related to their prior experience in learning English as a second language.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Multilevel and Multi Age Group
Recommendations for ESL Teachers
Deculturation
Recommendations for ESL Teachers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When teaching TESOL along with the first language, teachers should keep in mind some important factors. They should carry out effective practices such as simplifying the language used, incorporating a variety of learning styles as different children learn differently though their aim is to learn English. Teachers should prepared to give some extra time to process the answer and the questions being asked. Educators should remember not to correct grammar constantly as these children are learning English as a second language compared to their first. Children will get frustrated and be hesitant to speak if they are constantly being corrected. Instead, model the correct English structure to the child. For example, if a child incorrectly says, "He no giving to me the paper." The teacher could model the correct structure, while clarifying meaning: "He didn't give you the paper?" "
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The Experience of Being an ESL Student, 2005.
This paper discuses the experiences of an English Second Language (ESL/EFL) Japanese student as a base for examining language learning strategies, specially the relationships between language, culture and society.
3,240 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, because students come with specific purposes for learning, one of the best ways to keep them motivated is to help them feel progress towards their goals, which are identified by interviewing informally the student. The author points out the importance of engaging ESL learners in communicative (game type) or integrative (short/small activities form larger activities) activities using materials, which are authentic, thereby, aiding the learners in unpredictable spoken language outside the class. The paper relates that students of English conversation must understand the fundamental difference between learning about the language and learning to use it for verbal communication.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background Information of Interviewee
Report and Commentary on the Information Collected in the Conversation
What are Main Reasons for Learning English for ESL/EFL Learners in Japan?
What Stereotypes Take Place for a Foreign Teacher While Teaching ESL in Japan?
What are Key Features and Problems of ESL Learning in Japan and How can They Be Resolved by ESL Teachers to Achieve Best Results?
What Type of Class is more Desirable for ESL Students?
Does "Cultural Background" Play Any Role in Learning ESL in Japan?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The learner that I have interviewed generally has a strong first language model back at home in Japan. The interviewee had been in institution and educated at home from young till diploma level. Later, when he came to Australia with pursuing a degree in mind, he had a choice to either take an exam, TOFEL or take up a course with the duration of 3 months to learn English. This is because, his previous education did not meet the requirement of the university that he intended to enroll in. The requirement was that his previous education has to be taught in English for duration of more than 12 months."
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People, Culture and Technology, 2005.
This paper reviews various models of understanding the interaction of people, culture and technology.
2,015 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the two most common cognitive models for the interaction between technology, people and culture are Formalist/Humanist and Cyborg/Post-Humanist. The author believes that the Post-Humanist/cyclical model is superior to the linear models because the idea behind this model is that there can be no set cycle to human/ technological interaction; any number of interactions are possible and they can go in any direction. The paper relates that the three main reasons people use the writing technologies such as word processing are habit, convenience and availability. Charts.
From the Paper
"Communications technologies affect our social relations and cultural values. Often new technologies distance us from direct communication with each other. For instance, a phone call is only an auditory communication, which cuts out body language. Instant messaging contains only the words a person wishes to convey, cutting out tone of voice and other auditory cues. Email is even further removed, because it is so much less interactive. There is little possibility for instance for a heated dialog or a a quick two way discussion. The communication becomes less real, more distant and therefore arguably we believe less that there is another human being there and act accordingly... perfect example would be flames and porn ads. In one-on-one interaction people don't have the protection of anonymity that they do in an email or forum posting."
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Bilingualism in the U.S.A., 2005.
A short essay arguing for bilingual education in the United States.
954 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses growing diversity in the U.S. and the need to reshape our conception of literacy to include bilingualism. The paper confronts fallacies concerning bilingual education and the need to teach bilingually.
From the Paper
"As societies shift and flux with time, it is necessary to alter the guidelines for literacy accordingly. If, as a nation, the United States desires to maintain a proficient level of literacy amongst its population as a whole, then it must be willing to move forward and make the necessary changes. Such changes are clearly taking place now in the United States, in the form of increasing ethnic and lingual diversity. As has been shown, our brains are clearly capable of adapting to such a change. Bilingual education is the next step."
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Language to Leadership in Eastern Philosophy, 2005.
Discusses and compares conceptions of language and knowledge in Taoism and Confucianism.
2,211 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
Both Confucianism and Taoism hold strikingly differing positions on the importance and significance of language. This paper shows that, while this conflict may initially seem purely academic, these positions form the foundation of their ideologies, influencing subsequent positions on every aspect of life, right up to the correct way to lead a nation.
From the Paper
"Thus, the accuracy of language serves as a foundation for all other abilities, including the acquisition of knowledge and leadership. This foundation should be solid and strong, without embellishment, and without exaggeration. Confucius often displays exquisite care in his own language, especially when he is asked whether or not a specific person fits a certain title, such as "ren" or "scholar." He is also conscious of his overall choice of words and tone: "At court, when speaking with officers of lower rank, he was pleasant and affable; when speaking with officers of upper rank, he was formal and proper." His own care, and the distain with which he frequently refers to those who use fanciful language or who cannot back up their speech with actions, demonstrates his advocacy of speech as a concrete, firm resting place for ideas. "Words," he explains, "should convey their message, and leave it at that.""
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English Only, 2004.
An analysis of the debate and controversy over whether the United States should have a national language.
2,646 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of 'English Only' laws in America. The United States is a pluralistic society. It can be described as 'a melting pot' of languages and cultures. Language is a critical part of every culture and brings with it a strong sense of national linguistics, cultural identity, and individual perception. Language helps to tell who a person is, that person's values and beliefs. The paper contends that unity and disunity can be a result of the use of multiple and solitary languages. The paper explains that the welfare of the public can be greatly affected by language, as seen through the viewpoints of health care professionals and public educators presented in this paper.
Outline
Introduction
Linguistic Nationalism
Pluralistic Society
Language and Maintenance of Identity
Perception and the Role of Language
Single/Multiple Languages - Unity or Disunity
Stakeholders
Viewpoints from Health Care Professionals
Viewpoints from Public Educators
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Throughout the history of the United States there have been multiple languages spoken by different cultures. A "melting pot" of cultures (including languages) is what the United States has been known for. This linguistic diversity continues into our present day culture. Language is a critical part of every culture and brings with it a strong sense of national linguistics. A society's identity and perception revolve around their language. Multiple or solitary languages can bring either unity or disunity depending on the situation. In every society, the welfare and needs of the public is strived to be taken care of. When there are multiple languages spoken in a pluralistic society, the lack of communication can be a barrier for the populations needs."
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The Classroom as an Experimental Laboratory, 2005.
An analysis of Michael Breen's metaphor of the classroom from his paper "The Social Context for Language Learning: English Language Teaching in its Social Context - A Reader".
1,461 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to briefly summarise the main points of Breen's paper and evaluate his metaphor of the classroom as an experimental laboratory in the light of the author's recent work with ELT programmes in government primary schools in S.E. Asia.
From the Paper
"Chinese culture deems the schoolteacher as all-important, the fountain of all knowledge & worthy of respect. School children stand when the teacher enters the classroom & bow when greeting them. Everything the teacher says is written down & chanting, drilling and dictation in EFL lessons are the order of the day. Large class sizes, (typically 38 - 45 students per class) conspire against inclusive learning or the teacher taking much notice of learning styles or attitudes."
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South Africa and the English Language, 2005.
An analysis of the the importance of the English language in South Africa.
1,386 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how a multi-lingual and socio-culturally divided country as South Africa can benefit by having English as a lingua franca. It looks at how standard South African English does not need to be the English of white, middle-class mother-tongue speakers and how, instead, it can be the language which unifies all South Africans, empowering those who need power most.
From the Paper
"Most - previously mainly monolingual - European countries have shifted to English as the lingua franca. English is no longer a foreign language in most EU member states. The trading capital of Europe is Brussels, which is situated in Belgium. This is a multilingual country which has Dutch, German and French as official languages, but where English is the language of communication and trade. At the same time, all Belgians retain their mother tongue, whether it be French, Dutch or German. Most Belgians nowadays learn English as a second language, and one of the other official languages as a third language. The same could be implemented in South Africa. If taught according to the system of additive bilingualism, a L1 Xhosa speaking child, would have its primary education in Xhosa, and learn English as a second language."
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