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Educational Software Evaluation, 2008.
This paper provides an evaluation of different educational software, concentrating on language-learning software.
1,136 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer reviews and presents several language-learning software programs. In reviewing 10 software packages, the author chooses three which seem to be the best in their category. The writer focuses attention on the following programs: Speak2Easy Language Learning Expert 3.07, French Verb Games 1, and Human Japanese. Specifically, the paper discusses the different types of language learning criteria, and compares the software packages to the criteria which the author feels are the most important.
Outline:
Language-learning software
Types of Language Software
Criteria for Selection
What they were all missing
Comparative table
Speak2Easy Language Learning Expert 3.07
French Verb Games 1
Human Japanese
Russian Language Learning 1.0.1
Mandarin Learning Assistant
Learn French Vocabulary 1.6
Flash Cards for Learning 1
Choice 1.4
Learning Spanish Like Crazy
Learn Chinese 2007 5.1
From the Paper
"The primary question is: how close does the language software come in achieving its stated goal? The language software must be engaging, give feedback, and be fun for the student to use. The old-fashioned, non-computer methods of rote memorization weren't effective because the student became bored quickly. Retention is helped by games, visual clues, and socialization.
"The primary selection criteria for these software packages were therefore user involvement: how many senses were involved in the use of this software? How much fun can a student have with it? Can the student get feedback from his/her own voice? Are the methods progressive, with a sense of advancement? Can it be tied to social interaction, such as working with fellow students? To this end, the author used the criteria selected by the National Foreign Language Resource Center."
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Heinrich Heine and the German Language, 2008.
This paper looks at the foundations of literary German, through a study of Heinrich Heine's work "Religion and Philosophy".
1,267 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
Considering Heinrich Heine's work "Religion and Philosophy", this paper shows that Luther unleashed not only a true religious revolution in Germany, but that this was corroborated with and triggered in itself a literary revolution. The writer discusses Heine's belief that the new religion that Luther promoted in Germany had one substantial literary characteristic: it was German and in German, which meant that the Bible and service needed to be in German. The writer maintains that this was perhaps the foremost contribution Luther made to German literature and literary language, marking the beginning of literary manifestations in German language. The writer concludes that Heine's constant references throughout his book to the importance of Luther as a literary revolutionary show that the impact of his revolution by far left the simple sphere of politics or religion and laid the foundations of literary German.
From the Paper
"Undoubtedly, Luther's religious revolution had enough force so as to propagate itself as a literary revolution as well. This was done in several ways, first of all by simply creating the use of German language as a mean of communication. In the 16th century, this is of utmost importance, as it subsequently gave way to the birth of the German nation in its respective European territory.
"However, even more than that, Luther actually produced literature, with his poems and songs and was a generous source of inspiration for his own contemporaries, but also for the German poets to come. It is no wonder that Heine, one of the greatest German poets of all, recognizes Luther as one of his own important predecessors and advices all writers that his language and the words he has introduced are there to stay and need to be used, as rejuvenating as they are."
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| Term Paper # 108443 |
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Foreign Language Education, 2008.
A research proposal on foreign language learning programs at the post-secondary level and their retention levels.
5,096 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines research that will demonstrate the need to analyze existing data and formulate new research on foreign language retention, why it occurs on a post-secondary level and what obstacles contribute to increased or reduced retention in foreign language programs. The paper first reviews the literature and discusses the methodology to be used. The paper then shows that if the system becomes more open to communication style teaching through collaboration and other learning/teaching styles, and technology in learning is adaptive and appropriate, the post-secondary foreign language academy will likely improve retention and retain diversity. The paper highlights the need for mor research in this area of foreign language study in post-secondary systems.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Review of Literature
Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As the culture in which we live becomes increasingly diverse and highly focused on globalization, concepts of foreign language teaching and learning at all levels of education become much more important. (Gerwin & Osborn, 2002, p. 80) (Whitt, Edison, Pascarella, Terenzini & Nora, 2001, p. 172) Yet, statistics of enrolment and success in post-secondary foreign language education do not seem to play out this growing necessity. "In recent years, the language-instruction profession has seen alarming declines in enrollment in languages other than Spanish .... " (Moser, 2001, p. 3) Creating systems that promote retention of individuals in foreign language learning programs at the post-secondary level is therefore crucial to the development of educators and individuals who are fully prepared for a multi-lingual community and work environment."
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Pittsburgh, 2008.
This paper discusses the city of Pittsburgh and looks at its history, society and dialect.
3,288 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the city of Pittsburgh has long been known as a 'steel' tough city filled with a variety of individuals who are as rough and coarse as the city itself. The writer points out that this perception of Pittsburgh and its inhabitants began to change in the early 1980s with the decline of the steel production for which the city was famous. Pittsburgh, from the time of the Civil War until those early 1980s, was a city filled with steel mills and other factories whose sole purpose was to provide America and the world with the steel it needed to fuel unprecedented growth. The writer then looks at the dialect that developed in Pittsburgh. The writer discusses that with competition and a decline in the need for steel, Pittsburgh had to transform itself from a city of steel mills to a city that provides (primarily) services such as healthcare and medical expertise.
From the Paper
"Another important factor in this continued use of Pittsburghese is the media's use of the same words and pronunciations. Many of the immigrants were poor and uneducated and easily fell into the same patterns of language usage as those around them, both at work and at home. Many of them were unable to read, but importantly, they wanted more for their children and because of the available work, they were able to provide the children with the opportunity to become educated. Because the media continued to use the same phrases as they had used earlier, even the now educated offspring spoke in the same manner."
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English in Hawaiian Schools, 2008.
Looks at the problem of Hawaiian Creole English (HCE) and standardized English (SE) in Hawaiian schools.
1,035 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in Hawaii, researchers have been able to follow speakers of Pidgin, Standard English (HE)and Hawaiian Creole English (SE) within the same community. The author points out that the use of HCE has caused significant concern within educational settings. The Hawaiian Board of Education mandated that SE must be the only method of communication between students and staff in all school settings because educators believed that HCE use was associated with low academic achievement, low socioeconomic status and a negative community stereotype. The paper stresses that, within Hawaiian society, it is reasonable to believe that SE is not superior to Hawaiian but rather a more logical choice in that SE is easier to understand by persons outside of the community and more effective in terms of intelligibility.
From the Paper
"Hawaiian students were to be encouraged to become primarily fluent in Standard English. This belief was that fluency and subsequent improvement in academic achievement would allow students greater opportunities in education and in life. Teachers were to encourage the speaking of SE in the classroom and model such speaking for their students. Because no provisions were made to support teachers and their students, the board's action essentially maintained the status quo."
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Language, 2008.
An analysis of the theories and uses of language in different societies.
1,284 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses language as a verbal communication code. The paper describes language as a labyrinthine set of variables governing the communication process. It looks at some of the theories of language and the areas of language that they focus on. The paper also discusses the different uses of language in different cultures from an anthropological point of view.
From the Paper
"As the primary means of social discourse, language is at once universal and parochial. Surviving without language would be akin to living off of berries and nuts; it is possible but not desirable. Human beings are social creatures and language is a staple of interpersonal relationships, the glue that holds friends, families, and societies together. Even individuals who cannot rely on verbal communication like the hearing impaired have languages. Their languages use gestures instead of words but they are still languages with components like vocabulary, structure, synonymy, and semantics. Taking language for granted is easy until we encounter those who cannot communicate. For instance, autistic individuals or persons with aphasia due to stroke become visibly frustrated from their inability to capitalize on language. Unable to feed off of the building block of human communication, being language impaired is like being malnourished. I seek, through a continual enrichment of my vocabulary and awareness of linguistic form and structure, to nourish myself with language."
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Speech Pathology and the Nervous System, 2008.
This paper discusses speech and language in adults with diseases of the central nervous system.
3,848 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that speech and language difficulties accompany a number of diseases of the central nervous system in adults. The writer points out that sometimes the speech difficulty might be the reason for seeking medical help, or it might be one of many factors that cause a person to seek medical attention. Speech difficulties might arise simultaneously with other symptoms, or they might arise at a different time. A myriad of problems fall under the category of speech and language difficulties. The writer discusses symptoms that range from slurred speech, slow speech and other problems that make it difficult to be understood to more serious difficulties, including a total loss of ability to speak at all. The writer looks at related causes, treatment and therapies. The writer maintains that regardless of the severity of the speech or language difficulty, or its cause, these problems make life difficult for patients and their caregivers.
Outline:
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Speech and Language Therapy in CNS Diseases
Role of the Speech Pathologist
Treatment
From the Paper
"Parkinson's Disease is a dysfunction of the neurotransmitters between the nerve cells. Parkinson's disease destroys brain cells, resulting in a shortage of dopamine. The first signs of Parkinson's are typically subtle, such as softer or slower speech. As the disease progresses, tremors begin, which eventually worsen until hey cause considerable difficulty performing everyday tasks. Treatments to replace dopamine can help to slow the disease.
"Brain injuries are typically not listed under the category of disease. However, they are included in this research because they can cause certain forms of neurological dysfunction that can have an effect of speech and language."
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Healthcare and Economics: A Comparison of Terminology, 2008.
Compares how the terms: "technology and quality" are used in the fields of healthcare and economics.
959 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper states that every discipline has its own vocabulary of jargon that assigns general terms like "technology" and "quality" its own specific, contextual definition, depending on the needs. The paper then relates that one of the difficulties of discussing how to improve healthcare may be that economists and healthcare providers speak a different language, or at least attach a series of different meanings to terms such as "technology" and "quality." The paper then reviews the differences between the meanings attached to the same word within different professional contexts in order to understand unspoken and unrecognized tensions.
From the Paper
"In economics, the benefits of technology are gauged not so much in terms of their benefits to the consumer (the recipient of the service) but to the producer. For example, an improvement in economics can enable a producer to produce the same amount of a good or service more cheaply, enabling him or her to make a greater profit off of the same items ("Supply determinants," 2008, Amosweb). This can make the life of the consumer better by allowing the consumer to buy more goods at a lower price, but not necessarily. The producer, if demand is high enough, may simply pocket the profit, pass the profit to shareholders, or invest it into research and development of new, profitable products. The aim of technology is to meet consumer desires better to increase profits, even if the technology is of questionable health or lifestyle benefit to the consumer."
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Family Literacy Programs, 2008.
A research paper that attempts to identify a family literacy program which assists English language students to develop their language skills.
9,389 words (approx. 37.6 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 193.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses a study to identify best practices for the effective delivery of educational services to English literacy learning students using a family literacy program approach. The paper comments that the challenges of educating students who do not speak a societal language are enormous and that educating such students is not just a question of teaching English: It is rather a question of providing large numbers of students with access to the curriculum at the same time that they are learning English. The paper uses a five-chapter format to discuss questions related to the topic with the fifth chapter providing a summary of the research, salient conclusions and recommendations.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Design of the Study
Summary And Recapitulation Of Main Themes
From the Paper
"The day when a third of America was plagued by apartheid is long gone of course, and "white-only" waiting rooms and drinking fountains are a nasty thing of the past. Today, a black man and a white woman are candidates for the presidency of the United States, and it is clear that although much remains to be done, much has been accomplished in the last five decades to advance the rights of women and African Americans. In fact, there may come a day when blacks and white find themselves at a distinct disadvantage because of shifting demographic patterns in the U.S., and sharing a common language and a common - albeit shameful in some cases -- legacy will bring them closer together in the face of these multicultural trends. Even together, though, blacks and whites may be faced with a new United States in the mid-20th century where Spanish is the predominate language in a majority of the states of the union, and they will be seeking out family literacy programs to help them survive in this new environment just as ELL learners are doing today. Given these trends, it is clearly in the best interests of an increasingly polyglot nation to ensure that everyone can communicate, and the English-only initiatives springing up across the country will not solve the problem. What is needed is a more informed view of the problem by mainstream Americans, particularly since they or their children may well find themselves in the ELL predicament sooner than they might think. All in all, family literacy programs were shown to just be good business. These programs provide an enormous return on their investment, and because the investment is in the nation's future, they are also the right thing to do today to help ensure the viability of a different America in the coming years."
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