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The Al Capone of Libya, 2008.
This paper draws parallels between Libyan leader, Muammar al-Qaddafi and famous gangster, Al Capone.
1,743 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a comparison of Al Capone, the Chicago gangster and leader of organized crime, and Muammar al-Qaddafi, the Libyan ruler. The paper shows how both Capone and Qaddafi were individuals that led an organization to control others on a large scale, using political and violent means to gain power. The paper explains that the correlations between the lives of Capone and Qaddafi are significant because they demonstrate the elements that are essential in creating future gangsters.
From the Paper
"In the late 1890s the term gangster began to be used in the United States, referring to the member of a gang that committed criminal acts and that was not accepted in society ("Gangster, 2007; "Gangster defintion", 2007). Criminal acts could be as simple as stealing a newspaper or an apple from the corner fruit stand. To be a gangster at the time simply meant that the individual was bad and that those he associated with were bad as well. However, when Al Capone began to be noticed as someone that was the leader of organized crime he was labeled as public enemy number one and the term gangster took on a completely new meaning. A gangster, in the eyes of the American criminal justice system, was an individual that attempted to live above the law, made a living committing criminal acts, was violent, a menace to the society of law abiding citizens and was a member of a gang that was known as organized crime."
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Statutory Interpretation in "Nguyen; R. v. Hess", 2008.
A case study presentation of the case of "Nguyen; R. v. Hess" and discussion of the federal statute Section 146(1).
2,082 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Section 146(1) which is a federal statute insofar as it falls under Canadian federal criminal law. The paper begins by presenting the case of "Nguyen; R. v. Hess" in which Victor Hess and Van Nguyen were each charged with having sexual intercourse with a young woman under the age of fourteen - an activity that clearly contravenes section 146(1) of the Canadian Criminal Code and its prohibition against statutory rape. The paper discusses the case and the history of the laws in Canada.
Table of Contents:
Case Brief
Facts
Procedural History
Legal Arguments
Issues
Decision
Reasons for Majority Decision
Ratio (Guiding Rationale of the Majority)
Obiter Dictum
Dissent
The Essay
From the Paper
"The parliament has the regulatory authority to re-shape as well as introduce bills that, with the assent of both Houses, can become law under the Canadian Criminal Code. With regards to Sections 151 and 152 of the Code, there is presently a movement afoot to elevate the age to which a child can lawfully consent to sexual activity from 14 to 16. Of course, the Parliament (and the government, of course) is rather constrained by the dictates of the Canadian Constitution; more specifically, the modifications made to any section of the Criminal Code must align with Section 7 and Section 15 guarantees of the Charter unless the implicit concept of proportionality as outlined under Section 1 of the Charter permits otherwise. In that sense, members of the federal judiciary have ultimate power in assessing the merits of the law."
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Capital Punishment in South Carolina, 2008.
An analysis of the capital punishment laws in South Carolina compared to other states and a discussion over their future.
1,678 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the capital punishment statute in South Carolina from 1912. It discusses the debate over the laws and the current situation. The paper also compares the capital punishment laws between the different states and how they have been applied. In addition, the paper examines the arguments against the death penalty and suggests that the death penalty will slowly deteriorate into nothing.
From the Paper
"Basically, there are some people who believe that the death penalty should continue especially if they were victims or relatives of the victims. If the death penalty happens in one or two states only and people see that the murder rate declines when trials are set in those places, the boundaries would definitely change. In other words, if a murder happened in Columbia, South Carolina and the trial was set in Texas since the death penalty exist and all evidence pointed that way and was convicted, sentence to die, and executed; other states may join in to decrease murder rates."
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Mediation and Domestic Violence, 2008.
This paper argues against mediation in cases of domestic violence.
1,536 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the issue of domestic violence has been debated for decades throughout the criminal justice system, government and society. The writer points out that because there has been a steady increase in the number of domestic violence cases over time, it has been suggested that mediation may be the solution to resolving issues, saving families and stopping the continued violence through communication. The writer discusses that mediation, however, by its very nature suggests that there are two parties that are equal and that there is a desire for there to be a solution that is equitable to both individuals. Therefore, the writer maintains that while there are many segments of society that believes that mediation is appropriate in domestic violence cases, it is evident that if equality does not exist between the parties, mediation is not a solution to the issue.
From the Paper
"Although this is becoming the standard of practice in the court system, it is also not always achieved effectively because of the lack of skill in domestic violence cases that exists in the court system. Therefore, wives that have experienced domestic violence may be directed to enter mediation, even though the situation calls for other actions to be taken that would prevent further violence.
"The State of Georgia has determined that mediation can be effective in domestic violence cases if proper screenings occur prior to the onset of the mediation process. The state has placed into affect procedures in which mediation can be considered in domestic violence situations, where there is no threat to the individuals being abused and in which the mediators are specifically trained to work with domestic violence cases."
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Organized Crime in Boston, 2008.
An analysis of the history and development of organized crime and the mafia in Boston.
1,995 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of organized crime in Boston. It particularly focuses on the connection between immigration and social connection to the mafia. It discusses the reasons why organized crime in the United States began and how it has developed over time. It shows how the mafia as its own cultural group provided a form of social acceptance for many individuals.
From the Paper
"According to Lehr and O'Neill (2000) organized crime in Boston is quite active in modern society. The basis of the organized crime families has existed for decades, which causes continued generations of these families to maintain the family "business" (Lehr & O'Neill, 2000, p. 271). Lehr and O'Neill (2000) point out that although federal and state authorities have made numerous attempts at ending the operation of organized crime in Boston, the ability of the mafia families to recruit immigrants and the downtrodden in society into their organization will continue to support the functions of these groups (p. 271). This belief is significant because despite social attempts to prevent organized crime from existing, it is apparent that as long as there are definite separations in class because of ethnicity and culture, organized crime will continue to flourish."
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Identity Theft, 2008.
An analysis of the problems of identity theft in the United States and the failure of Congress to improve the situation.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the growing risk of identity theft. It discusses why identity theft needs to be taken seriously by legislators and the ways in which legislators may actually be part of the problem. Specifically, the paper argues that too many prospective bills are not being pursued at a time when identity theft is claiming millions of victims in America and that Congress should be implementing better regulations.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There can be little question that identity theft is a growing problem in America. For example, a 2003 survey by the Federal Trade Commission found that more than 10 million Americans had experienced identity theft in one form or another within the past year. As well, recent data bank breaches at the Bank of America and at Lexis-Nexis clearly indicate that, even when Americans think their private information is safe and secure, it really may not be (Moye, 2006). Furthermore, other evidence indicates that people of all ages can fall victim to identity theft - and thieves can access personal information distressingly easily, using low-tech, low-skill procedures such as dumpster-diving and having someone from within a business provide information on clients (Young, 2005). The troubling thing about this is that the government has failed utterly to put in place regulations that really protect Americans."
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Police Performance Research Article Review, 2008.
A review of M.H. Moore and A.A. Braga's article "Police Performance Measurement: A Normative Framework".
810 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses an article regarding law enforcement management and direction, related to performance metrics. The paper explains that the purpose of the article is to form new insight into the performance metrics of law-enforcement activity in a manner that is more closely aligned with the actual duties that most sworn law enforcement personnel perform on a daily basis. The paper briefly discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the article and concludes that the article was effective in pointing to the direction where further practical research should be conducted regarding law enforcement performance measurements.
From the Paper
"For example, the typical parking enforcement office is primarily an administrative function requiring little in the line of active police or law enforcement activity. The primary activity is by far the processing of citations for payment or non-payment and this activity consumes the attention of most parking enforcement staff (Moore & Braga, 2004). The survey results tend to support these observations in that, even in situations where police departments retain full control over all types of law enforcement activities, the ones most successful at operating them are the departments that have dedicated personnel outside of sworn law enforcement officers working in each department."
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Crime Increases in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of increases in youth crime in Canada and the implementation of the Young Offenders Act (YOA).
3,091 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the implementation of the Young Offenders Act (YOA), that was enacted in order to attempt to reduce youth crime in Canada. The paper analyzes research that discusses the reasons why youth crime fell each year from 1991 until 1996 and the fact that apprehension and charging rates over time tended to be due to legislative changes rather than actual changes in criminal behavior.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Crime in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s: The Young Offenders Act
Youth Crime in Canada Under the Youth Criminal Justice Act
Comparison with "Other" Crime: Workplace Violence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Overall, the findings indicate that in terms of youth crime in Canada, changes in apprehension and charging rates over time tend to be due to legislative changes rather than actual changes in criminal behavior. Recent results indicate that in the last few years, increases in chargeable youth rates were probably owing to technical reporting factors rather than changed police charging practices. Regarding another form of crime, workplace violence has decreased in Canada over the years in every sector apart from the health care, welfare and community service industries, which experienced marked increases. Reasons behind these changes are probably social and political in nature. Heightened scores in some provinces were found to be probably related to the fact that there are a greater proportion of residents in these areas working in high risk sectors for workplace violence."
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Gender and Crime, 2007.
An examination of why women are committing more crime.
1,948 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the rise in the number of female offenders and how this occurrence impacts our understanding of crime. The paper investigates the new branch of criminology that has recently emerged to study this phenomenon, and the reasons researchers are giving to explain it. The paper discusses the different approaches and debates within this new discipline regarding this issue including the liberal feminist point of view, the power-control thesis, and the socialist feminist approach. The paper concludes that, in the end, it seems that we have still not come up with a definitive explanation as to why it is that the rates of women offenders seem to be on the rise.
From the Paper
"Criminological theories have traditionally been divided into two types: conflict theories and consensus theories. The former are based on a conception of society as primarily conflict-driven (people and groups of people are constantly competing for resources); while the latter are based on a conception of society as primarily consensus driven (people want to live together happily and share resources). In the case of the former, apparent consensus is artificially created by forcing people to live together peacefully, for example by the use of laws. In the case of the latter, those few individuals who do not conform are controlled by law. What these two divisions of criminology theories have in common is that both have suffered from an extraordinary omission for a long time: namely that both have all but ignored the role that gender plays in crime."
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