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Alcohol Availability and Crime, 2008.
An examination of three research articles on the link between alcohol availability and crime.
1,563 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines three research articles pertaining to the topic of alcohol availability and crime, namely "Ecological Models of Alcohol Outlets and Violent Assaults: Crime Potentials and Geospatial Analysis" by Gruenewald, et al , "Is the Physical Availability of Alcohol and Illicit Drugs Related to Neighborhood Rates of Child Maltreatment?" by Freisthler, et al and "Drug "Hot Spots", Alcohol Availability and Violence" by Gorman et al. The paper discusses the research question, data strategy and results of each and analyzes Gorman's article in order to show that this article is the most valid and credible piece. The criteria used to evaluate the three research articles is included as an appendix to the paper.
From the Paper
"The link between alcohol availability and crime has been studied for several years across a multitude of variables and using a number of different data collection and analysis techniques. Since socio-economic status, head of household, age, and neighborhood information can all affect the crime rates of a given area, researchers must account for all other variables before examining the results of their particular study. Further, the design, sampling, population, data analysis techniques, and overall methods must support a sound, valid, ethical, and overall reliable experiment in order to be truly credible."
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Gendered Criminology Theory, 2008.
An examination of the theories of crime and gender put forward in the article, "Gender and Crime: Toward a Gendered
Theory of Female Offending," written by Emilie Steffensmeier.
1,151 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines gendered criminology theory. It specifically analyzes the article, "Gender and Crime: Toward a Gendered
Theory of Female Offending," written by Emilie Steffensmeier. The paper discusses the content of the article and looks at the author's views and arguments related to theories of crime that take into account female and gender difference.
From the Paper
"Possibly the most significant of the key components is the focus on contextually. This aspect has been largely ignored by other theoretical approaches. The study is also significant in the incorporation into its theoretical framework of gender roles and stereotypes in the explanation of crime. For example, the significance and utility of the gendered perspective as advocated by this theory can be seen it its ability to explain why the reportage of female crime is highest in the category of minor offences, such as shoplifting ands passing bad checks. This aspect is seen against the tendency for women to focus on relationship aspects and protection of their families, whereas these crimes in a male context are largely the result of status protection. It is felt that this gendered theory holds a great degree of promise for future exploratory understanding of this complex issue"
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Criminal Justice Organizations, 2008.
This paper determines the impact of occupational socialization and political power abuse on the criminal justice sector.
1,448 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the police force, courts and corrections are influenced by occupational socialization and their power and political behavior. The paper shows how the high level of occupational socialization tends to corrupt the police department while its affiliation with often indiscrete political officials results in corruption of the court system. The paper brings evidence from the events following the 9/11 attacks on the United States and maintains that more than loyalty and leadership will be needed to find an accurate balance between power, politics, loyalty and socialization within criminal justice systems.
From the Paper
"Occupational socialization refers to the extent to which professionals within a certain sector and/or workplace connect and socialize with each other. A high level of socialization may for example lead to a high level of loyalty within the organization, whereas a low level of socialization may lead to a higher level of individual creativity and contribution. Socialization is integrated not only with the type of organization in question, but also with the organizational culture involved. In terms of criminal justice, occupational socialization plays a particularly complex role in the police force."
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Problem-Oriented Policing, 2008.
An examination of two articles - "Gangs" and "School Safety" from the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) website and their views on problem-oriented policing.
1,209 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and analyzes the topic of problem-oriented policing. Specifically, it discusses two articles from the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services (COPS) website and describe the approaches these articles use to address crime problems. The articles are entitled "Gangs" and "School Safety."
From the Paper
"School violence is much more than gang activity today, it can also come from outside the school in the form of vagrants, parents, and even strangers who are looking to kidnap or harm students, or even students themselves, who go on violent rampages and kill faculty and other students. While these activities are much harder to predict, there may be many indicators that are being overlooked in this area as well, and so, law enforcement agencies must educate parents, educators, and those who deal with students, from bus drivers to counselors and even school security guards, to be on the lookout for any unusual or potentially dangerous activities. If the same indicators can be identified for this type of violence, then there may someday be a way to target schools that might pose a higher threat for other type of safety issues, such as gun violence and child abduction, and this will ultimately lead to safer schools and safer students."
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Lobbyists and White Collar Crime, 2008.
This paper discusses white collar crime, specifically in the case of
lobbyists and their politician allies.
1,948 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the white collar crimes of lobbyist, Jack Abramoff, former House of Representatives majority leader, Tom DeLay and California Congressman, Duke Cunningham. The paper paints a picture of how lobbyists act essentially as brokers between corrupt businesspeople and interest groups, and between the politicians who can make those persons still richer and more powerful. The paper therefore shows how lobbyists and their politician allies are true white collar criminals, bending the law in non-violent ways to serve their own selfish ends.
From the Paper
"Crime is not always violent or obvious; rather it often lurks beneath the surface of respectable activities and individuals. White Collar Crime is one of the most pressing problems in today's society, particularly within the realm of politics. Lobbyists and their allies frequently employ underhanded methods to gain influence and enrich themselves. American taxpayers are bilked out of millions of dollars and subjected to crooked policies, all at the behest of clever operatives who claim to work for the public good."
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The French Justice System, 2008.
A look at the justice system in France.
2,717 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper offers both an overview of France's geography and political structure and a profile of the economic, social, political and economic situation. The paper briefly looks at the nature and extent of France's crime situation and then examines the French justice system; the legal tradition of France, the police forces and the court system. Finally, the paper discusses justice relations between France and the US.
Outline:
France: An Introduction
Present Crime Situation
The Justice System
France and the United States: Justice Relations
From the Paper
"Republique Francaise (French Republic) is the official designation of the French nation, whose history and culture is known the world over. France as most people know it is a country that produces excellent wines and cheeses, has a language that belongs to the romantic languages, and whose capital city - Paris - is known as the city of lights and have been written about as one of the most quixotic and passionate cities in the world. Although ultimately a victor in World Wars I and II, France suffered extensive losses in its empire, wealth, manpower, and rank as a dominant nation-state."
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Consequentialism as a Moral Theory, 2008.
An analysis and discussion of the objections to consequentialism and whether they render the theory unsuitable as a guide to criminal justice practice.
3,851 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview of consequentialism and outlines the central objections to this philosophical and theoretical stance in the context of criminal justice practice. The paper analyzes the extent to which this moral philosophical perspective is relevant to modern criminal jurisprudence. The paper presents the position that while this theory is limited, it also serves some important legalistic purposes and therefore this theory should be integrated with other philosophical points of view.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview of the Philosophy of Consequentialism
Objections to the Theory of Consequentialism
Consequentialism and Criminal Justice
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Substantive moral theories in modern philosophical discourse typically fall into the categories of consequentialist or deontological. Consequentialist theories, which derives from the ethos of utilitarianism, state that, "...agents must always act so as to produce the best available outcomes overall" (Scheffler S. review). In contrast to this position, deontological moral theories stress that the best overall outcomes are not of primacy significance. In the context of modern philosophical and moral theory, it is generally acknowledged that the consequentialist view is inadequate in terms of a comprehensive and inclusive moral theory."
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The Death Penalty, 2008.
This paper argues in favor of the death penalty, using the article "Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished?" "No." by Ernest van den Haag.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces and analyzes the topic of the death penalty in America. Specifically, the writer discusses why the death penalty should not be abolished, making use of the article "Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished?" "No." by Ernest van den Haag. The writer argues that the death penalty can help deter crime, and since it is used for the most heinous of crimes, it sends a clear message to criminals that murder will not be tolerated in society. The writer concludes that the death penalty should not be abolished because it is a valid form of punishment in an increasingly violent society.
From the Paper
"There are many societies that punish crime by a like punishment, for example, in many Arab countries a thief is punished by losing a hand. Some people compare this to the death penalty, and maintain it is cruel and unusual because it perpetuates that "eye for an eye" type of punishment. However, some crimes are simply so heinous and violent that no other type of punishment seems valid. A person who violently murders an entire family, or a child, or a pregnant mother deserves to pay the ultimate price for their crimes. They took a life, and they should pay with their life, because it seems to be the only way to truly punish them for their deeds. A good example is Timothy McVeigh, who was convicted of the Oklahoma City Federal Building bombing. He killed over 160 innocent adults and children, and received the death penalty for his crime. In addition, he did not fight or appeal the penalty, and was eventually executed for the crime."
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Genetic Testing, 2008.
This paper discusses genetic testing in forensic, predictive and carrier testing.
1,147 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper defines genetic testing, looks at the screening and testing techniques and examines guidelines for genetic testing. The paper discusses mitochondrial DNA sequencing and describes what is involved in forensic identification via genetic testing.
Outline:
Introduction
Genetic Testing Defined
Use of Genetic Screening
Guidelines for Genetic Testing
Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing
Forensics Genetic testing
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Genetic testing is also referred to as 'gene testing' and 'DNA tests' and is a process by which the individual's DNA is examined. DNA is the material which genes are composed of which serve to determine the specific characteristics of living things. DNA determines the individual's features and as well, genetic testing has the capacity to detect particular genes in terms of whether they are present, absent, or altered and specifically in detection of chromosome abnormalities through laboratory testing."
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Arson, 2008.
An in-depth look at arsonists and their motivations for this crime.
2,556 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper defines arson and explores the reasons or motives behind this destructive crime. The paper talks about pyromaniacs whose motivations are often simply the thrill of the fire. The paper also considers the increase in juvenile crime related arson and discusses how this may stem from a traumatic childhood. The paper then looks at how fire investigators determine whether arson was the cause of a fire.
From the Paper
"Over thirty thousand structural fires are set annually at a cost of over three-quarters of a million dollars worth of damage and more than three hundred lives lost. Additionally over twenty thousand intentionally set vehicular fires occur causing more than one hundred thirty million dollars in damages and an additional two hundred lives lost. Arson is responsible for twenty five percent of all fires and is the second leading cause of all residential fire related deaths."
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