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The Hijab, 2008.
An examination of controversy surrounding the hijab in Islam.
1,497 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversy surrounding the practice among Muslims known as 'hijab', which is a practice that is based on religious doctrine. The paper notes that some believe that the wearing of the veil secures personal liberty in a world that typically objectifies women and others argue that hijab allows women freedom in movement and control over their own bodies.
Outline:
Introduction
Hijab Religious Doctrine
Women in Islam - Islam for Today
Modesty for Men and Women
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work entitled: "Women in Islam: Hijab" relates that Hijab means "...a veil, curtain, partition, or separation. In a meta-physical sense, Hijab means illusion or refers to the illusory aspect of creation." (Syed, 2001) Hijab means to "cover, drape, or partition" (Syed, 2001) however, it is important to understand that there is more than one type of Hijab. Khimar is one form of hijab, which means "veil covering the head" while the word Litham of Niqab means "veil covering lower face up to the eyes." (Syed, 2001) The term hijab in contemporary times refers to women covering their face, which is referred to as purdah on the Indian sub-continent and chador in Iran. (Syed, 2001; paraphrased) While the hijab itself is not written in the Quran, the Quran does lay down the principle of modesty. "
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'The Ethics of Ambiguity', 2008.
This paper discusses the book 'The Ethics of Ambiguity' by Simone De Beauvoir
1,361 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article notes that to keep track of the many different "personality types" introduced by Simone De Beauvoir in her book, 'The Ethics of Ambiguity', is no small task. In chapter two, she introduces many of the personality types, and they do not at first paint a favorable picture of a person who has an opportunity to evolve from childhood to adulthood without a greater probability of becoming asocial as opposed to socially indoctrinated in a positive way. The writer points out that this somewhat dismal perspective is really explained - perhaps unwittingly - by De Beauvoir herself, as she explains in detail the plight of women as a continuation of childlike behavior-play at being an adult, because women are, like slaves, like the Mohammedan woman. These are, however, issues that De Beauvoir claims is in fact the ethics of ambiguity. This paper explores the different personalities and characteristics that De Beauvoir discusses in chapter two of her book.
Outline:
Mankind Begins in a State of Unhappiness
From the Paper
"De Beauvoir further asserts that the dominating features of man's individual personality begin forming in childhood. Again, this is not an idea that would draw disagreement and argument. However, De Beauvoir discusses the reaction of a child, as though that child were a blank slate, to the world around him or her. However, De Beauvoir is asserting that these experiences are not experiences which tend to be deflected by a child's growth as much as the reflected in a child's growth. She paints mankind as beginning his existence in an unfortunate way, rather than a celebratory way, and assuming that the birth of a child is less than celebrated. The suggestion is that mankind is an unfortunate being, subjected to the circumstances of having been born at all. The choices man makes throughout his life - focusing on those that are poor choices - arise out of his childhood. "
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Republican Motherhood, 2008.
An overview of Republican motherhood and the role of women in moral reform movements.
8,640 words (approx. 34.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 182.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the extraordinary women who helped change the world in the 19th Century and were under-appreciated by the history of the United States. The paper posits that 19th Century women ably and adroitly used their skills and experiences to form a more moral union. The paper highlights the women who struggled and were stifled, but learned how to launch reform movements. The paper stresses that this was done not through formal training, but through the manifold processes of their maturation as daughters, sisters, wives - and most of all, as mothers.
From the Paper
"Paulina, in 1836, put her network of female activists to work - circulating petitions - in behalf of "...one of the very first women's rights causes in American history" (Ryan, 227), the New York State married women's property act. That cause was to end up a fortitudinous one for Paulina when her husband died in 1840; following that time, she "outgrew" her early religious faith and "felt free to think and act on my own convictions," Ryan chronicles on page 227. Paulina set out to travel and study in Europe, and returned to Oneida County where she delivered lectures on "female physiology, equipped with a femme modele," which she obtained in France."
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Dorothy Irene Height, 2008.
An analysis of the achievements of Dorothy Irene Height in her fight for equality and rights for all people regardless of their race, creed or color.
2,672 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and achievements of Dorothy Irene Height, a woman who made significant strides in the area of black rights. The paper describes her long career that spanned over five decades, in which she was a leader in the fight for equality and rights for all people regardless of their race, creed or color. The paper describes Heights contributions today, as a woman in her nineties.
From the Paper
"Height has won numerous awards during her lifetime of community work. Recently, she won the Camille Cosby World of Children Award; NAFEO Distinguished Leadership Award; Stellar Award; the Spirit of Cincinnati Ambassador Award; National Caucus and Center on Black Aged Living Legacy Award; the Caring Institute's Caring Award; the Generous Heart Award from the Olender Foundation; and the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Freedom from Want Award. The NAACP awarded her the Spingarn Medal, and she was inducted into The National Women's Hall of Fame. In addition, 19 colleges and universities have given her honorary doctorates (African American Registry)."
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Cleopatra's Love Affairs, 2008.
A discussion of the many love affairs of Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces and analyzes the topic of Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt. Specifically it discusses the motive for her love affairs with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. The paper relates that Cleopatra ruled Egypt as a result of her father's death and,at the age of 17, she took over the rule of Egypt until she was ousted from power and fled the country. The paper relates the numerous love affairs she was involved in, her goal being to regain the throne and her power.
From the Paper
"Cleopatra's first infamous love affair was with Julius Caesar, who had conquered Egypt and was attempting to decide who should reign over the country in Rome's behalf. Cleopatra wanted the job, and did not want to arouse suspicion in her brother's guards, so to meet with Caesar she had herself rolled up inside a carpet and delivered directly to him. Cleopatra seduced him, and they became lovers. In return, she gained the power and the throne in Egypt, and spent time in Rome with Caesar, as well. One historian notes, "Cleopatra was politically brilliant and secured Caesar's loyalty, certainly not only through sexual pleasure, but through manipulation of her own" (Editors). Cleopatra bore Caesar a son, further ingratiating herself to him, and she used him to regain her power and prestige in Egypt. It is not clear if she really loved him or not, but it is clear that she was shrewd and recognized that this powerful Roman would be a sound ally and advisor. "
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Sexism in the Workplace, 2008.
A discussion on sexism in the workplace using the example of President Clinton and Monica Lewinsky.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by noting that, when Bill Clinton was caught having a sexual affair with Monica Lewinsky, his reaction may have been similar to many men in his position. His hold on power made it wrong for him to coerce her into such a role. The paper then analyzes why sexual harassment is so bad for workplace morale, ethics and the role of women in the workplace. The paper urges that the best way for a woman to avoid sexual harassment is to insure that she does not put herself in a compromising situation such as going to dinner with her boss alone. The paper then suggests that, when a woman feels that she is being sexually harassed by her boss, her best defense is to give him a firm "no", with no chance for a misunderstanding---and this is what Lewinsky should have done.
From the Paper
"One can look at Bill Clinton's reaction as typical. When first asked, under oath, if he had had sex with Lewinsky, he said: "I did not have sex with that woman, Miss Lewinsky." His first approach was therefore denial. His second approach was to come clean with his wife. Hillary Clinton's public face was to stay close to her man. This author believes that this is a common reaction to spouses of men who sexually harass women at work. She decided to show solidarity with her husband."
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Working Women, 2008.
This paper discusses the lives of working women who need to combine the demands of a job and the needs of home.
1,774 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that income level absolutely impacts virtually every dynamic within a family. Countless studies have been performed that focus on virtually every variable within a family dynamic and each have shown the impact of that variable upon the stability, health, finances, education, longevity, happiness, and every other aspect of family life. The writer discusses that one of the most frequently debated family variables is the work/career status of the matriarch of the family; and one of the most significant sub-variables is the income level associated with the job held by the mother. The writer concludes that the professional mother is better able to provide for her family's needs than her working-class counterparts. Therefore, the writer maintains that it is better for the family to have a professional working mother, than a working-class working mother.
From the Paper
"This is the life of the professional woman. If she wants to get ahead, or even just keep her job, the professional is expected to put in longer hours than the wage-earning working-class woman, she is expected to often place the needs of the business over the needs of her family, and that means, most often, time. However, the professional woman is also more frequently in a job that grants her greater work-time flexibility, a larger number of paid vacation days, and more liberal benefits when it comes to taking care of the family. This is particularly true within larger corporations - so these women are giving up time with their family and putting their children into the care of others for longer periods of time in order to achieve a higher income level and to get much better benefits than are offered (if available at all) to their working-class counterparts."
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Martha Graham, 2008.
This paper discusses the life story of the American dancer, Martha Graham.
1,777 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the contribution of American dancer, Martha Graham, who pioneered a technique of her own that became part of the contemporary dance milieu. The paper relates the life story of Graham and looks at how she broke with traditions and made a name for herself in the dance world.
Outline:
The Late Blooming of a Dancer
The Martha Graham We Knew
The Evolution of Martha Graham
The Graham Technique and Expressionist Choreography
The Triumph and the Legacy
From the Paper
"Martha Graham's story as a dancer was unlike others whose lives were rags to riches stories or struggled through harsh economic conditions and braved all to be one of the greats not only in the world of dancing but in the annals of history as well. Graham was born into a wealthy family who traced their lineage back to Miles Standish - a New England hero who were with the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower. In 1909 the family relocated to Santa Barbara, California (Gale Cengage Learning, 2007). "Her father, a doctor specializing in nervous disorders, was very interested in diagnosis through attention to physical movement. This belief in the body's ability to express its inner senses was pivotal in Graham's desire to dance. Athletic as a young girl, Graham did not find her calling until she was in her teens. (Public Broadcasting Service, 2007)" Graham's formal training in dance began at the University of Cumnoch where she studied theater and dance from 1913 to 1916. Thereafter, she joined the Denishawn School managed by the husband and wife tandem, Ruth St.-Denis and Ted Shawn. Denishawn became Graham's second home where she learned classical and modern dance. Denishawn also specialized in that which was novel and exotic to American sensibilities: Greek pageants, Japanese sword dances, sexy Spanish flamencos (Gale Cengage Learning, 2007). During her eight years at Denishawn, Graham was not only a student but she did some instructing on her own when she got better with her craft. It is at Denishawn also that Graham met the composer Louis Horst."
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Analysis of "The Yellow Wallpaper", 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of the work "The Yellow Wallpaper" by C.P. Gilman.
1,344 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces and analyzes the short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Specifically, the writer critically analyzes the literary elements of the story along with women's concerns specific to the period when the story was written in 1891. The writer notes that Gilman's story is the tragic tale of a woman's descent into madness at the hands of the men in her life, specifically her doctor and her husband, who control her every movement until she goes mad. The writer points out that women at the turn of the 20th century had very little say in their own lives, and were usually at the mercy of their husbands for their living conditions, relationships, and even taking care of their own family, just as the woman in the story is. The writer discusses that women were beginning to stand up for themselves and demand better treatment, and many critics feel Gilman's work is one of the classic feminist works of all time, and especially of the period.
From the Paper
"Finally, the symbolism of the wallpaper in the story adds to the tense atmosphere that clearly exists between the narrator and her husband. The wallpaper is a very real symbol of the societal issues that keep them apart. The narrator begins to fear her husband, and even hate him a little, and she begins to hide things from him that she knows he would not approve of or condone. The wallpaper is the visual symbol of the barrier that exists between them because of the mores and beliefs of a society that devalues women instead of empowering them, and that is another reason this is such a disturbing story.
"Interestingly, the wallpaper itself, which becomes almost a character in itself in the story, was beginning to go out of fashion at the time Gilman wrote this story."
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Feminist Hero Literature, 2008.
Compares the protagonist feminist heroes of Jean Rhys' "Voyage in the Dark" and Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero".
1,475 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper contrasts the protagonists, Anna Morgan in Jean Rhys' "Voyage in the Dark" and Firdaus in Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero". The author relates that Voyage in the Dark, written in 1934, is narrated in first person by the then nineteen-year-old Anna who, in 1912, is exiled from her small Caribbean Island of Dominica and travels to England. Although written generations later in 1975 by Arab-nationalist and feminist Nawal El Saadawi, "Woman at Point Zero" addresses similar themes of a male dominated and controlled, class hierarchal society. The paper describes the plot of each book explaining that both heroes have to confront the barriers that exist against women; however, in the end, the two women take opposite directions.
From the Paper
"The difficulty for both Anna and Firdau is that they do not want to be with men who mistreat them. However, in their societies, they have no choice but to turn to such arrogant and violent men for survival. "A virtuous women was not supposed to complain about her husband. Her duty was perfect obedience". It is a horrible, no-win situation. For example, Firdaus' uncle promises her for marriage to a sixty-year-old man who has a facial deformity that is filled with pus. He leaps on her "like a mad dog"."
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