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Bronfenbrenner and Development, 2008.
This paper discusses Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development.
1,377 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in many ways, the ecological theory posited by Bronfenbrenner can be used to describe the levels of development in the writer's personal and academic life. This theory of development is based on interactive levels of input and experience that can be transposed and used to discuss the decisions made in the writer's personal life, which led to a change from a career focused on children and family services to the geriatric population and gerontology. This paper not only attempts to show how this personal development corresponds to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development but also analyzes and elucidates this theoretical standpoint and its ramifications.
From the Paper
"In essence, the theory put forward by Bronfenbrenner stresses the quality as well as the context of the developmental environment that extends from childhood to adulthood and to later life. A central facet that is emphasized in the theory is the interaction between the individual and the environment and the complexity of this interaction in the developmental process. Many of the above stages can be relate to the different dimensions of an individual's development. For example, the Macrosystem can present environmental factors that can both help or hinder the developmental progress of the childe or young adult. "
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Cultural Comparison through Interviews, 2008.
A case study presentation of the cultural differences between an interviewer and interviewee.
2,627 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper describes two interview sessions with a single 22 year-old native Israeli male of Jewish decent who recently arrived in the United States to pursue an undergraduate degree leading to a post-graduate degree in marine biology at the University of Miami at Coral Gables, Florida. It describes the relationship between the interviewer and interviewee. The paper provides a cultural comparison from the point of view of the interviewer.
Table of Contents:
Background of Subject
First Interview Session Description
Second Interview Session Description
Cultural Comparison Interviewer's Personal Reaction
From the Paper
"In retrospect, I consider the interviews to have been very successful, except that with practice, I believe I could learn to employ more effective techniques for getting to substantive issues in the first session instead of using it as a preparation to do so in subsequent sessions. In part, expect that, as many suggest, (Goldstein 1995) with more practice, I will be able to recognize behavioral cues that indicate readiness to continue conversations further instead of worrying about "prying" for too much too soon. Likewise, I intend to prepare more thoroughly the next time, both before the first interview, but especially, in formulating follow-up questions and lines of inquiry for the second session based on information elicited in preceding sessions. If I had the chance to do this project over again, I would recognize the opportunities that the subject gave me during our first conversation to introduce lines of questioning that occurred to me but concerned me as being "too forward" in the first session."
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Social Work Expertise, 2008.
A review of "Towards and Theory of Social Work Expertise" by J. Fook, M. Ryan and L. Hawkins and a personal application to the field of social work.
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper refers to "Towards and Theory of Social Work Expertise" where authors Fook, Ryan and Hawkins question what social work professionals need in order to achieve and maintain competency. The paper describes the authors' study and their most important conclusion that "rules" do not rule social workers; they are only used in the early stages of social working and then creativity and adaptability come into play. The writer also describes her current social work and the need for her to go beyond theory and use personal expertise in intervention situations.
From the Paper
"No one can ever negate the importance of research to the field of the social sciences. Since studies began to be conducted in the area of psychology last century, social scientists from all areas have benefited from the results of quantitative and qualitative studies. It has allowed these professionals to learn more about human nature and the world in which people live. In most cases, it is hoped, that the research helped improve the lives of most people or, at least, not changed their lives for the worst. The studies that are being conducted now continue on in this tradition."
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Hispanic American Diversity, 2008.
This paper looks at Hispanic-American diversity in the United States.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that America is today the largest multi-ethnic country, with an impressive number of immigrants from all parts of the world and from all races. The paper also notes that the Latino population living in the United States is now a considerable percentage of the overall population of America. As such, the Hispanics are merely taken as a whole, without proper consideration to the significant differences between the cultural groups. The writer points out that while Mexican Americans, Central and South Americans, Puerto-Rican Americans share certain cultural aspects, they do not form a homogeneous class. Thus, it has been proposed that a pan-ethnic view of the Latino identity will not only discourage real unity among the different groups inside the Hispanic community but will actually promote intra-Latino exclusions and injustices. The writer maintains that each group should thus be considered as having a different identity from the others, according to their nationality.
From the Paper
"There is thus a perceptible need to distinguish between the different Latino groups as having different identities and different needs.
"There are a few common things that The Latinos in the United States usually live in difficult conditions since they arrive in the country without having sufficient knowledge of English or sufficient working skills. Also, certain prejudices against them may prevent their employment. As Davila shows, in New York for example the minorities were treated all alike in the past, and are sometimes treated like this in the present also. As a native Puerto Rican recounts, there are serious confusions between different cultures which demonstrates that minorities are treated simply as part of the same pot, with no regard for the significant differences between them .."
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Toward the Future, 2008.
A discussion on the emerging and future field of eco-psychology that also may be alluded to as environmental psychology.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This writer sees the world changing in part due to extreme temperature changes. The writer points out that anyone up to date and paying attention can see the ongoing degradation of animal habitat and the ongoing loss of plant and animal species; there are the realities of deforestation, desertification, and it appears there are increasingly high-powered natural events like hurricanes caused by climate change that are disrupting human lives. The approach for this paper is to review existing research in scholarly journals that embrace issues and ideas - along with attitudes and emotions - relevant to eco-psychology and humans interacting in changing ways to the changing planet. In conclusion, the responsibility for educating people of all ages falls on schools, communities, political leaders, and mostly importantly, it falls on the shoulders of families. The writer maintains that more families should turn the television off and have discussions about what is being written in magazines, newspapers, and other publications about the fragile condition this earth is truly in at this moment in history.
Outline:
Introduction
Article One:"Thinking About The Future: A Psychological Analysis," Tonn, Bruce E., & Conrad, Fred
Personal Reaction to the Article
Article Two: Effects of Brief Wilderness Programs in Relation To Adolescents' Race - Pamela M. Orren and Paul D. Werner
Article Three: Situational Influences upon Children's Beliefs about Global Warming and Energy. Patrick Devine-Wright, Hannah Devine-Wright and Paul Fleming
Article Four:Psychotherapy of the Lived Space: A Phenomenological and
Ecological Concept - Thomas Fuchs
Article Five:Attitudes to Environmental Education in Poland - Kobierska, Hanna, Tarabula-Fietak, Marta, & Grodzinska-Jurczak
Summary of Articles
From the Paper
"It is encouraging to know that so many young people are becoming aware of the challenges of global warming, and of the need to preserve what is left of the natural world. But it is somewhat troubling to learn that only a small portion of people (those with education and who are well-employed) are thinking about the future in a big-picture framework. The fact that most kids in Poland get their environmental information from television and not from home is also troubling; and knowing that attitudes about the wilderness are not significantly altered when young people go into the woods on overnights is worrisome. Overall it would appear there is much work to be done when it comes to educating people (young and old) about the ramifications of climate change."
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Living Long and Well, 2008.
This paper explains the role of senior centers in promoting a long and healthy life.
887 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how vital it is for senior citizens to promote their physical and mental health. The paper discusses how senior centers can promote more optimistic attitudes about aging and can encourage the maintenance of physically beneficial practices like exercise and moderate diets. The paper stresses that living long and aging well is not simply knowing what to do, but having the psychological motivation and community support to do so.
From the Paper
"The quest for the fountain of youth and longevity has existed since time immemorial. However, only recently have scientists and anthropologists derived more effective methods to empirically study what enables certain people to live longer than others. A recent study of men over the ago of ninety, according to The New York Times, suggests that the secrets of living longer may simply be due to very simple good health practices. "Living past ninety, and living well, may be more than a matter of good genes and good luck. Five behaviors in elderly men are associated not only with living into extreme old age, a new study has found, but also with good health and independent functioning.""
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Surrogated Motherhood, 2008.
This paper looks at whether surrogate motherhood should be either banned or regulated by law.
4,042 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper mainly discusses in- vitro fertilization and surrogate pregnancies that are contracted, in which case the surrogate mother is usually a contracted person, with no link to the donors. In the case of contracted surrogate pregnancies, there is no way to judge the health of the surrogate mother and no regulation to see that the medical fraternity does not use the persons who are infected by diseases that could be passed to the infant. This paper affirms that laws must therefore be passed in such a manner that voluntary surrogate mothers are screened, identified and certified in such a manner that the resultant infant is not traumatized by diseases. The donors must be similarly screened. Furthermore, this paper looks at the idea of commercialization, within surrogate pregnancies. Namely it discusses the free market and the prostitution model. While some surrogate mothers do agree for altruistic reasons, where there is a demand, there will be a commercial supply. Since such children are at risk of being abandoned and neglected by the surrogate mother as well as by the donors, it is considered to be the duty of the state to enact laws to make sure that the donors, the surrogate mother and the genetic material are all fine to prevent deformities. In cases where such deformities do occur, the law must make the donor parents responsible for the child. Also, this paper asserts that there must also be a prohibition of payment for surrogate motherhood.
Outline:
Introduction
The Definition of Surrogate Motherhood
Adoption, Surrogate Motherhood - The Contrasts and Commonalities
The Arguments Favoring Regulation and Ban
The Arguments Against the Ban
Legal Problems
The Legal Controls Ought to be Set
Current Global Situation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is well if the resultant child is perfect what is the case if the child is born with deformities? What if it is liability? The management and care of such babies have legal moral and ethical implications. What is the relationship between the woman and the child in such cases at childbirth? For example the simple case of a low weight baby and in the case of mentally and physically challenged babies born to surrogate mothers, what will be the position and who shoulders the painful task? In the United States the Federal Government intervenes. In the UK the problem is ignored or the issue is glossed over. (Lee; Morgan, 1990) Judges have been sentencing mothers for not caring for the children in the womb. There have been cases of sentences handed down to mothers who consumed drugs and passed it on to the baby in the womb. Fetal neglect is now culpable. This shows that the state is concerned more and more with the unborn child and its welfare. The issue of in vitro fertilization and the knowledge of in genital illnesses are changing the perceptions of the society and the prevailing values are being modified. (Blank, 1992)
"The commoditization of sexuality has brought in the prospect of baby selling and prostitution. Poor women and even affluent ones are not above selling babies in the black market. The baby for sale has all its features added up to its price. The better suited ones getting the better price. The participants tend to market the baby in the fashion of a commodity and that is where the question of the babies with deformities and their fate steps in. There is likely to be more feticide and infanticide. The issue of 'Baby selling' drags down humanity considerations. (Warren, 1991) Originally surrogate mother hood was not a baby selling proposition. Yet today it has assumed the features of baby selling. Just as prohibition of payment exists for adoption, there must also be a prohibition of payment for surrogate motherhood. The courts sometimes have applied the baby sale acts to bar surrogate motherhood."
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Changing Role of Women in America, 2008.
This paper discusses changes in regards to the status of women in American society.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that less than 100 years ago, American women enjoyed relatively few freedoms: they could not vote, they could not control money, and they were frequently treated like chattel or other property, owned by their male relatives. However, the last 100 years have seen tremendous advances in women's rights. The writer points out that, first, women have obtained significant legal advances in the past 100 years, which have led to the legal recognition of women as equals. Although women have not achieved absolute equality, these legal changes have led to significant equitable equality. The writer discusses that while these changes have impacted women of different races in different manners, the feminist movement has resulted in positive changes for all women. The writer concludes that, as a result of these changes, all American women have achieved substantial gender equality, and the changes have benefited women regardless of class or gender.
Outline:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Although women did not traditionally enjoy legal or real freedoms in America, there has been a tremendous change in women's rights in the last 100 years, and those changes have positively impacted women of all races and classes. Women have gone from being considered the property of husbands or the absolute property of slave-owners to autonomous individuals with the full range of legal rights and responsibilities. In addition, the law officially prohibits sex-based discrimination. These legal changes have led to increases in substantive equality. For example, women make up almost half of the American labor force and, though the wage gap still exists, it is slowly shrinking. In addition, American women have access to reliable contraceptives, giving them an unprecedented level of personal freedom. These changes have benefited women from all walks of life; though the feminist movement has not accomplished its goals of eliminating racism and classism, it has successfully benefited women of all races and classes. Such tremendous changes in such a relatively short period of time make total equality seem inevitable."
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Fashion Print Media, 2008.
This paper provides an examination of the relationship between fashion print media coverage and fashion public relations in the United Kingdom today.
52,254 words (approx. 209.0 pages), 69 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This study aims at examining and understanding the relationship between fashion coverage within the UK print media and public relations with special attention to newspapers. The nature of fashion coverage is explored through content analysis of a cross section of UK newspapers, semi structured interviews with fashion PR professionals and industry insiders as well as through participant observation in order to identify the way fashion public relations as a discipline is applied and arguably the prime source for fashion print media coverage in the UK. Through careful examination of the strategies, methods and formulas applied by the fashion PR industry in order to promote fashion items and ensure print media coverage, the study contributes to knowledge by providing empirical foundation to the under researched area of fashion public relations. It adds to the existing knowledge emerging from other areas of public relations and draws attention to an important and established yet academically neglected part of the PR industry. The paper includes an appendix that contains interviews carried out with UK fashion PR professionals.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Chapter 2:
Fashion Public Relations and the Fashion Print Media in the UK
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4:
Review of Literature
Chapter 5:
Fashion PR the Creator of UK Fashion Print Media Coverage
Chapter 6:
The Celebrity Connection
Chapter 7:
UK Fashion Industry: Facts and Statistics
Chapter 8:
Fashion Photography and Its Relevance to Fashion PR
Chapter 9:
Research Findings
Chapter 10:
Case Study: The Rise, Fall and Even Bigger Rise of Kate Moss - Fashion
PR at Its Best?
Chapter 11: Conclusions
From the Paper
"The fashion director sets the journalistic calendar for the whole year, which is more of a framework with room for changes. The various articles and features are discussed with the whole fashion team and the editors are briefed on what to research and write about, photo shoots are also being scheduled. Newspapers as opposed to magazines have a tight schedule and work approximately a week up to a few days in advance. The tabloids are the prime employers of fashion staff, they employ not just one fashion team but groups of journalists covering different fashion related subject areas.
"With the emergence of newspaper supplements, some of which have a fashion focus, some of which are entirely devoted to fashion, such as the Sunday Times Style Magazine, newspapers employ more fashion staff. There is usually a separate fashion team for the supplements, as well as freelance fashion writers who are also used frequently for specific features. They often function as outside experts that are brought in to write about certain fashion trends or items."
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False Accusations, 2008.
This paper discusses how a person's reputation may be ruined by accusations and concentrates on the case of baseball star Barry Bonds.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the reputation of a political figure, of an eminent student, or of an athlete is one of the most important aspects of his career. However, the writer notes that once a scandal breaks out in which one's reputation is torn apart, no matter the actions undertaken following such an event or whether one is guilty of the charges being brought upon him or not, that reputation can rarely be saved and rebuilt. The writer discusses that the case of baseball star Barry Bonds is a worthy example of the fact that scandals, regardless of their factual support, can decisively ruin one's reputation and image, not only towards the fans, but also in regard to the sponsors and investors. The writer concludes that in the eyes of the world, Bonds is guilty for the simple fact of having cast a doubt on his performances and may end up being labeled as just another player on steroids.
From the Paper
"The rivalry existing between the two of them manifested at all levels, but especially concerning the physical abilities. In an attempt to take away the chance of winning new standards on world records, Bonds appealed to Anderson, a weightlifting trainer, who provided the athlete steroids as well. The visible changes that were noticed on Bonds' body made the world suspicious over the possibility of the athlete using steroids. However, neither his innocence nor his guilt can so far be proved.
"There are those who argue in support of the athlete's innocence, and others who argue against. Bonds' claims of innocence are based on the idea that although his test results did come up suggesting he has taken steroids, knowingly, he did not consume any enhancing performance drugs."
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