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Rebirth of Europe, 2008.
A discussion of the book "Rebirth: A Political History of Europe since WWII "by Cyril E. Black, R.D. English, J.E. Helmreich, A.J. McAdams, and P.C. Helmreich.
1,201 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper covers the political history as depicted in the book, "Rebirth: A political history of Europe Since WWII" by Cyril E. Black et al. Specifically, the paper discusses why certain European countries decided to merge their economic policies after World War II.
From the Paper
"There were several factors that led to this decision to band economies together. The authors of Rebirth write, "The divisions of Europe over security matters led to economic alignments that carried important implications for the defense capabilities of each region" (Black, English, Helmreich, McAdams & Helmreich, 2000, p. 58). Clearly, the divisions of east and west and Soviet and Democratic were key issues in forming economic bonds. There were others, as well. After the war, most of Europe was on shaky economic ground. Banding economies together was one way to strengthen them and help economic growth, so it made sense for many countries to create economies in common."
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WWI and the Vietnam Wars, 2008.
An analysis of how WWI and the Vietnam Wars influenced the changes in America.
2,949 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the manner in which WWI, WWII and the Vietnam Wars have changed America. The paper discusses how the wars changed society, how these changes were resisted and what the long term domestic results of the wars were on America. The paper places emphasis not on the conflicts themselves but on the evolving and lasting changes they each had upon society, politically, culturally and economically. The paper looks at each war chronologically and discusses aspects of domestic change. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.
From the Paper
"The period preceding the entrance of the US into WWI was a period known as the progressive era, the era was marked with demonstrative social change regarding the individual. Many changes were in progress and the general feeling of progressive thinkers was of social peace and individual prosperity and social service networks to support those in the economy who could not do so given the current state of employment, an often low paid sporadic and difficult condition. Political isolation also marked the day with a strong sense of independence and self realization. The progressive era was in direct response to the extreme disparity seen in class divisions associated with the industrial revolution."
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Emile Durkheim and Max Weber on Religion, 2008.
A comparison of the writings of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, focusing on their views on religion and society.
1,274 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the ideas of the French thinker Emile Durkheim and the German economist Max Weber. The writer discusses how Durkheim was interested in defining and explaining religion as a force that drives people, whereas Max Weber focused on identifying its relationship to other social and economic phenomena. Durkheim believed that religion is the basis of social organization and behavior, while Max Weber did not look at the population as a whole when analyzing its religious aspects, but at each individual. The writer concludes that, although their views differed on how religion influences society, in attempting to establish new rules and view religion from different perspectives they represent, together with Karl Marx, the foundational sociological traditions examining the "institution" of religion.
From the Paper
"Both Emile Durkheim and Max Weber approached religion in order to identify its connections with external forces. While Durkheim looked at religion in terms of a social connection and a social determination, Weber analyzed it from the standpoint of economic development. The approach taken by Durkheim is more complex in regard to the actual religious features as it presents the sacred and profane division of human activities, whereas Weber's approach is more economic and tries to identify a connection between economically emerging countries and the religion practiced by its inhabitants."
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temporarily unavailable
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The War on Terror - Threats to Civil Liberties, 2008.
A look at the growing concern at the loss of civil liberties in the US, which are guaranteed by the Constitution, in order to fight the war on terror.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the topic of the war on terrorism in America. Specifically it discusses how the American war on terrorism has created numerous threats to civil liberties in the USA. The paper states that many Americans fear the threat of another terrorist attack, and believe the government has the right to take any measures necessary to keep that from happening. The paper concludes that many of the government's tactics threaten the civil liberties of Americans, a topic that is often overlooked in the war on terrorism.
From the Paper
"However, there are many areas where experts show American civil liberties are being threatened or decreased. For example, recent Congressional inquiries and votes indicate the concern over loss of civil liberties when it comes to phone surveillance and records. After 9/11, the US Patriot Act modified many rules and regulations regarding gathering foreign and domestic intelligence. One of the most controversial was the ability to wiretap or listen to phone, wireless phone, and email communications. Before 9/11, there were stringent guidelines on what type of communication could be wiretapped, and suspects who were wiretapped had to be notified if the evidence collected could be used against them in court. The Patriot Act relaxed these rules, making it much easier for agencies to wiretap both foreign and domestic phone calls, with little or no provocation. This means that the government essentially can listen to any conversation they want to, whether they believe it has a relationship to the war on terror, or not, which is clearly a violation of the right to privacy guaranteed in the Constitution (Etzioni 52). A recent bill would have absolved communications companies of any liability in these wiretapping cases, but Congress defeated that bill, indicating the growing concern over the loss of civil liberties."
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Review: Political Organization of Chichen Itza, 2008.
This paper discusses themes in W. Ringle's paper, "On the Political Organization of Chichen Itza." Specifically, the authors looks at the leadership and worship of Quetzalcoatl in Mesoamerica.
1,475 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses three general themes that are addressed in Ringle's "On the Political Organization of Chichen Itza." First, the paper explains that, in contrast to other authors, Ringle notes that worship of Quetzalcoatl is a primary means of Mesoamerican leadership and puts forth the fact that it is more properly viewed as a set of visual symbolism. Next, the paper explains that Ringle states that the ceremonial cores of specific larger cult centers served as a location for this investiture of leaders who wished to attach themselves to the cult. Lastly, it is surmised that Quetzalcoatl cannot be simply defined as a dynastic patron. Rather, leadership was often subdivided, with often some facet of dual leadership. The paper also analyzes the sources used within the work, the overall argumentative structure, and the fact that Ringle seems to contradict known theories on Quetzalcoastl worship instead of supporting them. The author the paper then ends his discussion with a personal reaction to Ringle's paper, stating that through Ringle's paper it can be shown that ritual is a powerful leadership tool, binding groups of people together despite disparate locations.
From the Paper
"In addition, Ringle notes that the UTJ jamb figures have this ornament as well. Likewise, so do all of the figures that are facing the Sun Disk figure that are found on the three faces that are carved on the inner lintel. Ringle further supports his disagreement with Kubler by observing that heron-feather ornaments only occur in the upper registers of the LTJ and the NT. This, he surmises, is further proof that this is an indication of specific rank or segment of warriors who were under the command of the 'Mixcoatl' figure. In addition, the author reminds the reader that among the objects given to initiates in the Quiche chronicles were heron feathers.
"Lastly, Ringle brings to light the fact that in the UTJ there is only one person who is lacking the heron feather ornament. This figure is situated to the left of the table bench carving. Ringle theorizes that if he is the initiate, the individual may simply not have been given his ornament yet, in the depiction. This theory would appear to be further supported by the fact that twin heron feathers are floating just above and to the right of the initiate."
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Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion, 2008.
This paper reviews the book "The Fire of Jubilee: Nat Turner's Fierce Rebellion" by Stephen B. Oates.
1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Nat Turner lead the largest and one of the most successful slave rebellions in American history in 1831, long before the American Civil War took place. However, the writer points out that most of the other facts about Turner's life remain elusive in the eyes of writers and historians alike. The writer discusses that to flesh out the myths and legends surrounding Turner's complicated theology, rebellion, and psychology, 19th century American historian Stephen Oates attempts to provide a speculative history as to the context of the plantation life in which Turner was reared as a slave. The writer looks at how Turner came to view himself as a prophetic figure and lead the fierce rebellion of the title. The writer notes that Oates suggests that Turner was both an extraordinary figure, a man whose rebellion changed the South, but also an ordinary man, who showed amazing courage, intelligence, and brutality in the face of history.
From the Paper
"In his book, Oates portrays slavery and the slave community as a totally enclosing institution, with heavy white control upon slave mobility, intellectually and geographically. This partially explains why more blacks did not rebel with Turner, he surmises. He also examines the empowering nature of slave religion, which originated as an instrument of white control upon slaves, but which also acted as a tool of empowerment for some slaves like Turner, who believed that his visions gave him prophetic status and the right to free his people. Religion and Christianity was a double-edged sword for slaves, preaching meekness when transmitted in the voices of slave-owners, but also a gospel of judgment, where the mighty would be brought low by the oppressed, in the name of justice."
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The US 2008 Elections, 2008.
This paper explores whether the term "social movement" accurately describes the United States' current 2008 political environment.
2,216 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the social movement literature and assesses the possible utilization of social movement in describing the 2008 political environment. The paper defines the terms used in studying social movements but notes that these terms are subject to various interpretations. The paper concludes that the term "social movement" is partly, yet simultaneously is not completely an appropriate characterization of the U.S. political scene. The paper adds that today's presidential primaries and upcoming election could also be described as the rediscovery of the U.S.' cultural identity. The paper appends a large amount of source material to the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Considerations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Today's current political campaign "has been a political analyst's nightmare. It's like they took the textbook and threw it out the window," Charlie Cook, publisher of the Cook Political Report, a newsletter that constrains political races across the US, purports. Wolf Blitzer of CNN and Keith Olbermann of MSNBC, TV anchormen, report the one thing they have learned from this year's politics has been to refrain from religiously relying on polls, as these "statistics" reflect only a glimpse of an unpredictable electorate. Among political analysts, anchors and commentators who routinely express a myriad of controversial opinions, some adopt the term "social movement" to characterize the 2008 U.S. presidential primaries and upcoming election."
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Evolution of Public Administration, 2008.
An examination of the evolution of public administration in the United States with particular regard to effectiveness and efficiency.
2,847 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the influence of the structure of the U.S. political system, in relation to the Constitutional separation of powers and federalism, on the evolution of public administration in the United States. It particularly examines the notions of effectiveness, efficiency and reasonable standards of performance within the political system.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Federalism
Role of Factions Model (ROF)
Public Interest Model (PI)
1880s-1930s
1940s - 1960s
1970s-Present
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The third model is the 'public interest model' (PI) stated to have as its cornerstone "...the efficacy of science" which was believed by reformers of the late 19th century to be the solution to "current public problems and inculate morality." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) there was a stated need of creation of "governmental structures that empower experts: people who possessed relevant scientific knowledge. Expertise would be indicated by educational credentials, beginning the American concern, if not obsession, with academic degrees." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) This is a concept of science "which is more correctly termed 'technology'. It is stated that reformers held the perception of there being very little limitations "to the efficacy of science and its ability to solve all current problems by the application of unbiased general laws." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) This belief is stated to be derived in philosophy from what is known as the Enlightenment movement." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) Within this framework "rationality was seen as not only desirable but also feasible in an era of urban-centered technology. (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) Stated as a critical element of the "new politico-administrative system was management, since science enables administrators to be rational." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998)"
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Feminism in 21st Century Europe, 2008.
This paper discusses the relevance and purpose of feminism in modern Europe .
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that feminism today tends to be focused on intellectualizing the position of women in society. The writer points out that while still working in a concrete fashion in order to secure gender equality, feminism has also penetrated areas of intellectual endeavor such as theory of literature and philosophy. The writer discusses that despite the very prominent position of feminism in a wide variety of intellectual and social areas, some hold that the paradigm is no longer relevant, particularly in advanced locations such as the United States, and particularly in Europe. On the other hand, it is the position of some theorists that feminism today is more relevant than ever, exactly because of appearances to the contrary. The writer maintains that despite the voices of dissent, it is clear that feminism still has a variety of roles to play in the EU today. Feminism is also relevant in terms of the international effort towards equal and human rights for all. As such, the writer notes that EU countries can concentrate their collective efforts towards the developing world in ensuring the empowerment of women. The writer concludes that feminism in any environment, including the EU, will not be obsolete for centuries to come.
From the Paper
"One of the reasons for the apparent irrelevance of feminism in modern Europe is the fact that equal rights have become a reality in almost every area of Western social life. Women are recognized as capable of filling any position they choose, and are provided by law with the right to receive equal pay for such work. In society, the modern Western woman is no longer expected to revolve her purpose in life around marriage, children, and homemaking, while on the other hand nothing prevents her from choosing to do so. Because all these rights have been secured for women, some theorists believe that feminism is no longer necessary, and indeed, no longer has a purpose in modern Europe.
"In Ireland, this nearly halted the feminist movement shortly after its inception, when the right to vote was successfully attained. According to Tomas A. O'Riordan, the right to vote was at the center of first-stage feminism to such an extent that it had become the movement's reason for existence."
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