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Henry Laurens, 2008.
A review of the life story of Henry Laurens and the part he played in American history.
1,846 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces and analyzes the biography of Henry Laurens, the President of the Continental Congress. Specifically, the paper contains a biography of Henry Laurens, the President of the Continental Congress. The paper notes that Henry Laurens was an American patriot and revolutionary hero who was the President of the Second Continental Congress from November 1, 1777 through December 9, 1778. The paper describes Laurens' part played in American history and points out that he was imprisoned by the English for treason, helped form a new nation, fought in the militia, and lost his oldest son in battle during the Revolutionary War.
Outline:
Capture By the British
Lauren and Slavery
Laurens Children
Mepkin Abbey
From the Paper
"His grandparents were French Huguenots who had immigrated to America for religious freedom. His family did well in the New World. Originally, they settled in New York, but his parents moved to Charleston before he was born, and his father was a very successful saddler and merchant. Henry clerked for local businesses from the time he was sixteen, and when he was twenty, he left America for England, where he would learn to be a merchant. He returned three years later, just a few days after his father died and he inherited his estate, and began a long career as a merchant. He prospered in Charleston, mainly trading in rice and slaves, along with planting rice, and became quite wealthy. He also engaged in importing and exporting items, and he had a store in Charleston, as well."
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'Josephine: A Life of the Empress', 2008.
This paper discusses the work 'Josephine: A Life of the Empress' by Carolly Erickson.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces and analyzes the book "Josephine: A Life of the Empress" by Carolly Erickson. Specifically, the paper contains a review and summary of the book. The writer explains that "Josephine" covers the life of de Beauharnais Bonaparte, the Empress of France and wife of Napoleon. She was born Yeyette Tascher in Martinique, and she grew to be one of the most well-known and powerful women on earth. The writer notes that it was not an easy journey, which is one of the things that makes this central character so important and so interesting. How she came to be Empress is almost a fairy tale story, but her fall from grace makes it more of a melodrama and tragic tale of woe. The writer maintains that the author handles both quite well, for the most part.
From the Paper
"Josephine was Empress, but Napoleon never trusted her or loved her completely again. She gave up her lover, but he was still bitter, and he often treated her with cruelty or patronization. He took mistresses, treated her harshly, and criticized her for aging after she turned forty. As Napoleon gained more power, he became more ambitious, more dictatorial, and crueler, certainly to his wife.
"Josephine discovered him with another woman, and he became so furious he struck her and threatened to ban her from his homes. He actually told her that when she was no longer politically suitable for him, he would abandon her, and because she had nowhere else to go, now that she had abandoned her lovers, she stayed on. It was a low point in her life, and in their relationship."
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Abscam, 2008.
An overview of the FBI Abscam investigation with a focus on Congressman John Murtha's involvement.
2,341 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, from 1978-1980, the Federal Bureau of Investigations conducted a sting operation known as Abscam, which resulted in the criminal convictions of politicians in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, as well as a Senator and six members of the House. The paper contends that Abscam was one of the ugliest chapters in modern political history, destroying the careers and reputations of political figures at the local, state and federal levels. In particular, the paper looks at how one political figure who managed to emerge from the scandal relatively unscathed is John Murtha, who is now one of the longest-serving members of Congress. The paper also discusses how historians, political scientists, social commentators and criminologists have long debated whether Murtha should have been more aggressively pursued by the House and by the federal Justice Department.
Outline:
Murtha's Role in Abscam
House Ethics
Criminal Laws Broken?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From Murtha's perspective, he was exonerated. He has long declared his innocence, rightly pointing out that he never accepted a bribe during the meeting (Hannity and Colmes, 2006). Washington Post reporter Jack Anderson, who covered Abscam for the paper, offers a back-handed defense of Murtha, saying he played "perhaps the saddest scene on the secret Abscam videotapes. ... He refused to take the money, but his reason was hardly noble (Murtha: 'I expect,' 2006)." Indeed, one could argue that Murtha's reasons did not have to be noble. In the end, he did not take a bribe and arguably did not deserve to be as aggressively prosecuted as his colleagues, who accepted money."
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Opportunity In Colonial America, 2008.
A review of the evolution of religious tolerance in colonial America.
833 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the evolution of religious tolerance in American beginning with colonial America and continuing up until the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The paper looks at how, even though religious autonomy was the primary influence that sparked the first settlers to leave England and establish colonies in the New World, some of these same settlers and their colonies immediately emulated the very principle responsible for their persecution in Europe, by establishing mandatory churches in the new colonies. The paper also looks at how, ultimately, many of the opportunities available only to some during the early colonial period only started to become equally available to all after the Civil War and, in the case of true equality for everyone, these rights weren't guaranteed until the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
From the Paper
"Maryland was the first colony to recognize absolute religious freedom after originally being established by the son of George Calvert, a Catholic convert in England who had remained close to the Royal family, nevertheless. His son, Lord Baltimore intended Maryland as a refuge for Catholics, but refrained from imposing any religious affiliation and welcomed Protestants as well.Shortly before the end of the seventeenth century, the English King had decided to combine the two colonies known as the Plymouth Colony, (consisting of the first descendents of the original Settlers), and the Massachusetts Bay Colony, (consisting of the first descendants of the Puritans), into a single colony to be named Massachusetts. "
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Andrew Heywood, 2008.
A discussion on Andrew Heywood, the political analyst, and his theory regarding George F. Kennan.
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Andrew Heywood's analysis of political theory, explaining that it can be used to shed light on the main issues George F. Kennan was arguing in the late 40s and early 50s. Specifically, the paper examines how Kennan's line of thought regarding the Soviet Union, could be placed in a theoretical framework proposed by Heywood. The paper relates that, taking into account Heywood's theoretical framework, George Kennan can be seen as a realist, in light of the content of his "Long Telegram", and his subsequent article entitled "The origin of Soviet conduct". The paper concludes, however, that, still, globalization plays an essential role in shaping the international environment, an influence which makes certain considerations lose their relevance.
From the Paper
"While during the confrontation, the relations between the three allies were seen as relatively stable and profitable for all sides, as the war came to an end serious concerns emerged over the real intentions of the actors involved in the conflagration. The most disturbing signal came from the Russian leader, Josef Stalin who had decided to take control of Eastern Europe and establish the communist system of government. (Kissinger, 1995) This perspective automatically ruled out the possibility of democracy in those states and therefore the threat of authoritarian regimes in Europe was becoming increasingly real. George Kennan, charge d'affaires in Moscow at the time considered a new approach for the foreign policy of the US, the containment doctrine, which advocated isolation from the rest of the world of the Soviet Union. In this sense, he believed, Stalin's need for conflict would not be met, and his internal legitimacy would in time erode which would eventually lead to the demise of the USSR."
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Hitler's Nazi Germany, 2008.
A discussion on eugenics and complicit professionals of Hitler's Nazi Germany.
1,419 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses what the philosophical, racial, political, and economic goals of German doctors and lawyers who were ardent supporters of the Nazi regime had in common with the Nazis, and how the Nazis used these two groups to coordinate their policies in the respective areas. The paper provides evidence to support the answers asserted in this work, which concerns eugenics and the philosophy of racial superiority.
Outline:
Nazi Doctor Supporters
The Legal Profession in Hitler's Germany
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many of these children taken from their homes and to various institutions and prisons were murdered. The Nazi's were "expert at the creation of power groups that robbed their opposition of public voice or power. A small tightly knit group of university medical scientists and psychiatrists, who planned and administered the euthanasia killings, dominated university departments, wrote and reviewed articles for one another's journal and never bothered to consult their colleagues." (Sogow, nd) However, there were less than 200 doctors acting as willing participants in medical crimes although hundreds were away of what was occurring in Germany."
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Hitler's Germany, 2008.
An overview of Hitler's Germany including the Nazis, the Gleichschaltung,
the Gestapo and the Schutz-Staffel.
1,003 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Gleichschaltung, the term used to describe the enforcement of political and military forces synchronized towards the integration of the German society, was attempted by Hitler's Nazis between the years 1933 and 1939. In particular, the paper looks at how the Gestapo and the SS proceeded to implement the Gleichschaltung philosophy and how it targeted nationality, convictions and ages.
Outline:
Abstract
The Gleichschaltung Philosophy
Patriotism
Free Will and a Better Life
The Gleichschaltung Philosophy as Applied by the Gestapo and the SS
From the Paper
"The Germans were an extremely patriotic population and the Nazis exploited people's dedication to their country. They had them believe that the Gleichschaltung was in fact synonym to patriotism and nationalism. Depressed by the stains left upon Germany by the defeat suffered during the First World War and by the Treaty of Versailles, the population believed the encouragements given by the Nazis in regard to the country's economic recovery. Wanting to believe that the Nazis would regain Germany's international pride and status, the population found it difficult to distinguish true nationalism from the "radical and revolutionary implications of the Nazi racialist ideology." "
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Divisions of Buddhism and Judaism, 2008.
A discussion of the transformations that have been seen in Buddhism and Judaism between the conservative and liberal sects of the religions.
2,460 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, within Buddhism and Judaism, both religions have gone through a series of transformations, most importantly a division between more the conservative and liberal sects. It discusses the history of the transformations and then shows how these divisions are still prominent in the practice of both religions even today.
From the Paper
"A more liberal Reform Judaism came about in the 1840's through ideas influenced by the liberalization of much of the Western world. The origins of Reform Judaism began in German synagogues which proposed a modernizing of temple worship. Much of the extensive Sabbath ceremony was reduced and translated into various native languages rather than Hebrew., along with the removal of "References to the coming of Messiah, the Resurrection of the dead, or the reestablishment of Jewish nationality and the sacrificial rites of ancient Palestine," (445). They believe that Judaism is constantly changing, and unlike their Orthodox counterparts, the Torah needed to be adapted to modern living."
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The Assassination of Rafik Hariri, 2008.
An examination of the events leading up to the assassination of former prime minister of Lebanon, Rafik Hariri, and the U.N. investigation into the murder.
3,779 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the assassination of the former prime minister of Lebanon, Rafik Hariri who was assassinated in February 2005. It first discusses Hariri's political views and his plans for the future of Lebanon. The paper then lists and discusses the U.N. investigation of the events surrounding the murder of Hariri and reviews the highlights of the resulting report.
From the Paper
"The report cited obstruction by the occupying Syrian forces and by the Syrian Government (2005, p. A14). However, all information in the report was pointing to Syria as being complicit in the murder of the former prime minister (2005, p. A14). By the time the report was issued, UN officials were unsure as to what penalty to impose against or on Syria for its blatant disregard for the UN effort to investigate the murder (2005, p. A14). Mehlis was stepping down in order to return to his professional responsibilities and work in Germany (2005, p. A14). This, at what was deemed a crucial moment in the investigation since one of Mehlis' key witnesses had recanted his testimony given to Mehlis and the Mehlis team (2005, p. A14). Whether or not the witness was recanting under pressure from the Syrian government was not readily known. The Lebanese Government requested at that time an extension of the UN investigation (2005, p. A14)."
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The Dahlgren Papers, 2008.
This paper studies the book 'The Dahlgren Affair' by Duane Schultz.
1,970 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that 'The Dahlgren Affair' effectively utilizes the themes of history, drama, bloodshed, war, politics and mystery to weave a tale that originated during the Civil War. Schultz's use of high quality characterization and well-paced narrative adds to the value of the book. The writer notes that there are some flaws in the book, and some critics assert that Schultz either fabricated portions of the story, or just made honest errors, and those discrepancies are reviewed in this paper. The writer concludes that it is unlikely there will be definitive proof presented to verify beyond any shadow of a doubt either point of view regarding the Dahlgren papers. But perhaps what is just as important is that by reading books like Shultz's and by studying all accounts of the Civil War, students and scholars will be more informed about U.S. history, and that in itself is a positive thing.
From the Paper
"The genesis of the plot that launches this well-told story is based on an actual attempt to free Union prisoners from the terrible conditions in Libby Prison and Belle Isle prison in Richmond, Virginia. The fact that many Union soldiers had either surrendered or were captured and were being held there - many reportedly near starvation and living in squalor - was eating away at leaders in the North. And so, President Lincoln, who was up for re-election soon and needed to get any positive publicity he could, authorized an attack on Richmond, ostensibly in order to free the prisoners at Libby.
"It was March 2, 1864. But the attack went awry, and in fact when Union Army Colonel Ulric Dahlgren was killed by Confederate soldiers defending Richmond and the prison, papers were found on Dahlgren's body that to this day have historians confused. The controversial nature of the papers has provided historical writer Schultz with a perfect mystery to complement his book."
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