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Price Mechanisms and North Sea Oil, 2006.
An in-depth discussion regarding the factors influencing the price of North Sea oil.
9,443 words (approx. 37.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 194.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at the history and factors that influence and impact the price of North Sea oil. The paper examines how taxation, new technology and extraction costs effect prices of North Sea crude. It also explores the global situation and the impact of dwindling North Sea supplies on global oil prices.
Outline:
General
Global Historical Price Trends
How Oil is Sold
Taxes and North Sea Oil
Tax Situation and New legislation in the UK
Technology Innovations and Tax Incentives
Extraction Costs
Global Competition and North Sea Oil
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The European market will not be able to achieve stability as long as there are no mechanisms in place to control supply and price. Many experts feel that the current situation means the end to low prices for consumers (Appert, 2005). The Brent price started at $40 a barrel in the beginning of 2005, but had risen to $70 a barrel after Hurricane Katrina took out many refineries along the Gulf Coast (Appert, 2005). Oil production has changed since the 1970s. During the 1970s companies worked on building a surplus. However, demand rose quicker than their ability to produce. Now companies work on a just-in-time basis (Appert, 2005). There is no reserve to level supply when it is needed. Changes due to shocks are seen rapidly on the consumer end. Consumers got used to stability in pricing during the 1970s. If supply was low companies had enough in reserve to meet the demand. "
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Oceanography, 2006.
An in-depth discussion on oceanography.
2,140 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a general definition of oceanography. It continues to paint a more realistic picture of the work of an oceanographer. The paper offers details on different focuses of oceanography,like climatological, palaeoceanographic and physical to name a few. In conclusion, the author highlights the importance of the information derived from this particular science. It also includes graphic representation to qualify points made.
From the Paper
"Long Bay in California is a heavily populated coastal region that has many tourists visiting it at all times. Sand resources are here for recreational purposes, as well as for coastal habitat. It must be noted that earlier studies of the same have revealed a large amount of sand deposits, which are situated oblique tot eh existing shoreline. This is oriented clockwise in the offshore direction, and the sand feature is about ten kilometers long, two kilometers wide, and more than three meters thick. It is assumed that these sand deposits are providing a rich source of beach nourishment material. This study was undertaken in order to, at the outset, measure and models the oceanographic circulation in the area, and secondly, to identify and recognize the various processes that maintain the presence of this particular sand feature."
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Appalachia, 2006.
This paper discusses the Appalachian mountain region and its natural resources.
1,826 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the Appalachian mountain region. The writer notes that today the region has a reputation that is rich in resources with a notoriously poor economy and people. The writer maintains that this is no doubt the legacy of the exploitative nature of early industrialization in the Appalachia area. The writer concludes that as infrastructure is developed there is less and less need for some of the region's riches and conversely as the resources available are depleted, industry looks elsewhere for a point of need, leaving behind the generations of workers dependant upon this type of development. The writer contends that it is for this reason that the future of the Appalachian region is yet unknown, and will continue to be a region of flux for many years to come.
From the Paper
"The Appalachian mountain region was the first American frontier, sought after as a place to romantically recreate the American dream of idealistic frontiersmanship. The mountains were the back door to many of the original American colonies and within them to the settlers of the nation lay unknown riches and exotic cultures, yet to be experienced or some would say exploited by the Europeans and the American settlers. They were the first areas to be traversed and eventually developed. The name of the area is a result of the goals of the Spanish to find wealth through gold mining as the area is named for the first group of Native Americans to point toward the forests and claim them rich in gold, the Appalachee. It is thought that they may have done so to send their unwanted guests away from them but none the less the name stuck."
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Fossils, 2006.
A discussion on fossils from the Pre-Cambrian period.
794 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This study discusses the Pre-Cambrian Period, roughly some two billion years ago, and in particular, fossils that have been found from that time period. The paper discusses three types of fossils that have been left behind -- body, trace and chemical and that these can be readily found within rocks formed during the Archaean and Proterozoic Periods.
From the Paper
"During this time, a number of life forms emerged and left behind three types of fossils--body, trace and chemical, which can be readily found within rocks formed during the Archaean and Proterozoic Periods. Some of these fossils are actual cellular remains, something which Donovan admits is extremely rare in rocks of this age. The oldest have been dated as about 3.5 billion years and can be found in cherts from the Warrawoona Group near the North Pole, being northwest of Australia, and in the Onverwacht Group in eastern Transvaal (South Africa)."
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Ecological Restoration, 2006.
This paper discusses ecological restoration and restoring the natural balance of the land.
1,373 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer looks at the matter of restoring the natural balance of the landscape. The writer discusses Robert Elliot's apparent distaste for ecological restoration in close detail throughout the first portion of this paper. This article explores the circumstances in which restoration may be considered benevolent, through careful examination of Elliot's philosophy and that of Murray Krieger. The writer concludes that in the case of restoring the natural balance of the land, one is not attempting to profit from the restoration or create a fake situation, but rather restore the original version to its original grace and glory so it can be better appreciated.
From the Paper
"Robert Elliot in his work "Faking Nature" rejects the idea that restoration ecology is useful in many instances. Elliot asserts that attempting to restore the natural ecology of the land is nothing more than an attempt to forge that which was once natural and beneficial. In this light restoring the natural ecology of the land seems nothing more than an attempt to fake that which is natural, which in and of itself promotes no intrinsic value.
Further Elliot asserts that one can not reproduce the value that original ecosystems had to offer. The field of environmental ethics proposes that the natural value of nature should be preserved rather than the value of nature purely for human purposes including survival or consumption. Under this assumption nature isn't necessarily valued by humans desiring to create artificial landscapes purely for humanistic benefits."
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Purification of Metals, 2006.
An analysis of the purification of metals from ores.
1,757 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how metals exist in the form of minerals in the earth's crust, a metal ore being a highly concentrated mineral form of the metal. The paper explains how extraction of metals from its ore depends upon the quality of the ore and that the ores obtained from the ground contain unwanted impurities called gangue. The paper discusses the various methods of extracting these impurities from the metal.
Table of Contents:
Concentration
a. Gravity Separation or Hydraulic Washing
b. Froth Flotation
c. Magnetic Separation
d. Chemical Separation
Roasting or Calcination
Reduction of Mineral to the Metal
a. Electrolytic Reduction
b. Chemical Reduction (Smelting)
c. Auto-reduction(Smelting)
Refining
From the Paper
In this method, a Wilfley table is used .It is a sloping table and its top is corrugated or riffled in the direction of the slope. The crushed ore is then placed on the top of this table, which is always kept vibrating. "Then water is made to flow across the table at right angles to the top. The lighter gangue particles are thrown upwards at every jerk and carried across the table by the stream of water, while the heavier ore particles move towards the bottom of the table. Thus separation takes place when the ore reaches the bottom. This method is useful for dense ores like Cassiterite (SnO2).
Hydraulic classifier."
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The Impact of FEMA on Hurricane Katrina's Aftermath, 2006.
An examination of the faults of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) following Hurricane Katrina.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the failures of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), as witnessed by Americans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. The article lists a timeline of events following the hurricane, as well as enumerates the errors made by FEMA and its results for the people of New Orleans.
From the Paper
"Chicago was not the only city to offer help and be declined . In the days following the hurricane, several local and state governments, corporations and nonprofit organizations across the United States offered to help in the relief effort, only to be declined by federal officials, who actually provided very little aid to the needy victims of the hurricane. Claiming security concerns, the Department of Homeland Security prevented the American Red Cross from entering New Orleans with food and supplies. Five hundred Floridian airboaters were prepared to rescue stranded victims, but FEMA turned them down. Many other cities and groups also had their offers refused."
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Mount Vesuvius, 2006.
This paper offers an examination of Mount Vesuvius.
4,348 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the location and geographical setting of Mount Vesuvius. The writer examines the violent nature of the volcano and looks at its geological cycle. Further, the writer discusses the history of Mount Vesuvius and looks at the people who lived in its vicinity over the years. The writer concludes that despite the overwhelming chances that Mount Vesuvius will eventually erupt again, perhaps creating even worse destruction than in the past, the people of the Bay of Naples and those that live in the scattered villages and towns of the Vesuvian plains have chosen to remain. The writer claims that perhaps, as has been said about Vesuvius over the years, there is a magical quality about the mountain which draws people to it, yet those that choose to live and work under Vesuvius do so at their own peril as the volcanic clock continues to tick toward yet another eruption.
From the Paper
"Geologically, Mount Vesuvius is classified as sub-plinian which is associated with higher eruption columns which create extensive sheets of tephra deposits, "pyroclastic rocks which fall to the ground from eruption clouds in the form of ash and pumice" . Most sub-plinian eruption columns are sustained for long periods and can rise heights of over thirty kilometers. Large volumes of tephra may be erupted in sustained blasts in the form of new magmatic material rather than shattered bits of old rock. Because the degree of fragmentation is less than in vulcanian eruptions, clast sizes (rock fragments) are generally larger at a given distance from the main vent. Various types of magmas are involved in this process, but generally, more mafic compositions (a high magnesium and iron content) exist.
However, sub-plinian eruptions, such as those exhibited by Mount Vesuvius, are not necessarily of less consequence than normal plinian activity. Vesuvius also has what is called an irregular volcanic cycle, being twenty-five to thirty years of general non-activity followed by a full-blown eruptive phase when great columns of ash and pumice rise far above the city of Naples. Of course, Vesuvius, throughout its long geologic history, has erupted many times there is much well-founded concern about what will happen when the next eruption occurs which cannot be predicted with absolute certainty."
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The Quabbin Resevoir, 2006.
A geological and historical overview of the Quabbin Reservoir near Boston.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the Quabbin Reservoir, located sixty-five miles west of Boston, Massachusetts. The paper traces the history and geological construction of the reservoir, beginning in 1939. The paper also examines the reservoir's structural benefits and its ability to supply water to the entire city of Boston. Other aspects studied by the paper include the reservoir's management by various state and local authorities, public access to the reservoir, and predictions for the future of the Quabbin.
From the Paper
"There is a long history of cooperation among those agencies concerned with the Ware River watershed, including the Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, the Army Corps of Engineers, and the MA Department of Environmental Management, now the DCR Division of State Parks and Recreation (Executive pp). Maintained, visible boundaries protect the integrity of property, provide a frame of reference for policing and monitoring, and provide essential proof when a dispute or encroachment occurs (Executive pp). The number of MDC Rangers assigned to the Quabbin - Ware River watersheds has grown since 1996 from one to seven, and ranger patrols include pro-active surveillance of DCR/DWSP controlled lands with emphasis on popular access locations around the Ware River watershed (Executive pp). Presently, Watershed Rangers spend an average of 16-20 hours per week covering responsibilities on the Ware River watershed (Executive pp). The DCR has care and control of approximately 57 miles of gravel access road and numerous miles of non-gravel road on the Ware River (Executive pp). Activities that are dependent upon a good access road system include fire protection, forest management, water sampling, research, and ranger patrols (Executive pp). The DCR fire policy, in conjunction with better coordination between DCR, the Division of State Parks Recreation, and local fire departments, has improved fire response time and suppression efforts, and provides assistance to the local fire departments as directed by the local fire chief, usually for mop up operations (Executive pp). At present, twenty-three DCR employees are certified and available to participate in fire suppression operations (Executive pp)."
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The Chaos Theory, 2005.
This paper discusses the possibility of more accurately forecasting weather through the application of Edward Lorenz' chaos theory as based on James Gleick's book "Chaos: Making a New Science".
2,315 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that James Gleick in his book "Chaos: Making a New Science" reports the work of meteorologist and pioneer of the chaos theory, Edward Lorenz, to computerize the forecasting of weather based on physical laws. The author points out that Gleick explains, even though the straight-forward mathematical attempt by Lorenz to find weather averages was a "failure", Lorenz discovered that the phenomenon of climate instability was related to the chaos theory. The paper relates that Lorenz' two non-linear discoveries are (1) that models of chaotic systems have an exquisitely sensitive dependence on initial dependence called the butterfly effect and (2) that even simple systems can show complex, chaotic behavior proving that the "clockwork" universe doesn't exist.
Table of Contents
Gleick's Belief of the Possibility to Forecast Weather
The Butterfly Effect
Nonlinear and Linear Systems
Similar to Predicting the Motions of Planets
Link between Aperiodic Behavior and Unpredictable Behavior
Thermal Convection
From the Paper
"The very act of predicting weather is "fragile" when it comes to computer modeling, even though the data may be "reasonable trustworthy" and the laws of science are "purely physical" (20). But the computer modeling of weather patterns and air movement and temperatures and all the other ingredients that go into the stew, are only good for a day or two; "beyond two or three days the world's best forecasts" are / were speculative, and "beyond six or seven," Gleick writes, "they were worthless." Why were they worthless? "The Butterfly Effect was the reason.""
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