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15th Century Geographical Expansion, 2008.
This paper looks at the expansion of geographical boundaries in the 15th century, dealing specifically with the Spanish monarchy and Nicolo Machiavelli's prescriptions of these endeavors.
1,019 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the 15th century represented one of the most important periods in the history of humankind. It marked the start of the quest for new lands and territories, for the discovery of the real geographical boundaries of the world outside the European limits. In this context, the competition between the great powers of the Old World became an essential element in the conduct of their foreign policy, and would eventually shape the new political relations on the European continent. The era of the geographical discoveries coincided with the time of great monarchs, such as Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain who largely supported the endeavors of sailors in search for new land. However, this paper asserts that from the perspective offered by the writings of Nicolo Machiavelli, it can be said that the willingness of the Spanish monarchy to finance such trips resided in their desire to exercise their power and authority over an ever greater state, on the one hand, and over their internal subjects on the other.
From the Paper
"It must be pointed out the fact that the most important expedition financed by Isabella of Spain was that of Christopher Columbus who, in his attempt to reach the Indies, would eventually discover the American continent. (Columbus, 279-80) It is common knowledge the fact that Columbus's claim for the financing of an expedition in the Indies was rejected by the Portuguese and it was only at the court of Spain that he found support for his endeavor. This would prove an essential element for both the evolution of the Spanish crown and for the political interpretation of the actions undergone at the time."
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The Role of Karst Processes in Limestone Caves, 2008.
A review of the importance and role of Karst processes in forming limestone caves.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper defines "Karstification" and explains how it is formed. The paper further discusses the climate, the geomorphic features and the structural characteristics that are necessary for its occurrence and stresses the value, and importance of such a process.
Outline:
Process involved in Creating and Altering Karst Formations
Hydrologic Recharging Systems for Developing and Maintaining Limestone Caves
The Value of Limestone Caves Created by Karstification
From the Paper
"Why are limestone caves created by karstification important? First, those who study cave ecology consider them to be arks of biodiversity (Clements 2006). They have a particularly high percentage of endemic species due to the special habitat conditions formed by the chemistry and geology of karst caves. From West Virginia to Ireland and all over the world, these types of caves develop entire interdependent systems of insects, vertebrates, amphibians, and mammals in a delicate balance of darkness, humidity, and temperature. For instance in the Appalachians, these limestone caves are home to a wider variety of aquatic and terrestrial cave species than any other subterranean landscape in the world. Creatures have adapted over thousands of generations to life in total darkness, and their need for protection or escape seems to have diminished .
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Marine Conservation, 2008.
This paper discusses marine conservation and governmental intervention to impact the declining health of the marine environment.
4,800 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the growth and development of the marine industry has been sustained by the rise and application of newer technologies, innovative business ideas and incentives given by the government. The writer then points out that with the turn of the twentieth century, one witnessed marine resources being widely explored and exploited for profit making. This exploration and exploitation has been enabled mainly by improved and enhanced technological innovations, which included fully developed and customized boats, fishing, digging and navigational equipment. This mushroom growth has left behind the institutions that are responsible for regulating marine laws. The writer discusses that Governments have been unable to maintain their regulatory measures with the pace of growth assumed by the private sector. The writer concludes that one of the most successful endeavors for the promoting of marine preservation and marine life protection has been the Greenpeace project that has been pressuring international and national governments to make and implement laws that protect the underwater environment, the animals and the future of the under water life. There is still a long way to go and sincere steps have to be taken to ensure comprehensive marine conservation
Outline:
Introduction
Background to the Problem
Marine Conservations Organizations
The First Law: The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
The Second Law: The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)
The Third Law: Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act - Ocean Dumping
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Organizations engaged in political campaigning to pressurize Congress to pass laws and enforce them countrywide use public awareness and attention to rally support for their cause. The more public support they acquire, the higher the propensity of politicians jumping in the marine conservation campaign. Coast Alliance is one organization that can be considered as an ideal example for organizations that are currently active in political campaigning and gathering local support. It currently has coalition partners (other non-profit organizations) across America, all of whom are striving for maximum results. Similarly, Earthjustice is another organization that has been proactive engaged in the enforcement of existing laws representing hundreds of other marine conservation organizations. In addition, Marine Conservation Biology Institute aims to rally the scientific community on one platform in order to facilitate scientific research and set agendas for policy issues and pass on accurate information to both government and public."
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Modesto, California, 2008.
Examines the changed demographics of the writer's hometown Modesto, California
1,480 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Modesto, California, is changing quickly from a primarily white community to one that is more heavily Latino populated. The writer is concerned that political issues regarding the city's government will continue to be raised by this new population concentration. The paper stresses that the people of all backgrounds who have lived in the city for all their lives do not want to see it fractionalized. The writer describes the proactive initiatives the community is undertaking to encourage Latino voters, political participation and better police relations.
From the Paper
"Modesto is also being asked by the NAACP to begin a discussion with police agencies around Modesto concerning complaints of brutality. The organization did not say how many complaints were received, but name an incident last September when 17 people were arrested following a riot outside a concert in Modesto. This indicates that there is also friction between the city police and the smaller black population, as well."
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GPS Surveying, 2008.
An analysis of the use of geodetic positioning system (GPS) surveying technology in relation to the Meadowlands Xanadu Project.
6,498 words (approx. 26.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the use of GPS surveying in relation to a proposed land project over a garbage dump. The paper also outlines the necessary factors of GPS surveying to be used in the assessment, and discusses the advantages and end result. The paper explains that before the arrival of GPS technology, three- to five-person survey crews were used in comparison to a one- or two-person crew into the field in order to achieve the same results. The paper also looks at how GPS technology also provides complete, three-dimensional survey information, enabling and empowering the design and construction management team to excel at their phase of the project. The writer believes that future studies and advancements in GPS technology will pave the way for a brighter future in land use planning.
Outline:
Introduction to GPS Technology
Land Development in Relation to GPS Technology
Meadowlands Xanadu Project History
The Application of GPS Technology to the Meadowlands Xanadu Project
Benefits of Using GPS Technology in relation to the Meadowlands Project
Proposed Use of GPS Technology for the Meadowlands Project
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Control surveys are primarily used to establish the locations of arbitrary points. These points, called control points, may then be used as reference locations for performing additional survey work (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2007). The main reason for performing a control survey is to place control points in locations which are physically convenient for the intended survey work. Control surveys are generally performed to a higher standard of accuracy than other types of surveys (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2007). Control surveys usually consist of several different measurements to the unknown point from several known points, so that the measurements are taken from different angles."
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Water in the Middle East, 2008.
A research proposal on the scarcity of water and its impact on the Middle East.
991 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a proposal that will demonstrate the scarcity of water in the Middle East. The paper relates that the research will explore why this scarcity will likely drive conflict and change in the region for some time to come. The paper provides a brief review of the literature and outlines the proposed methodology.
Outline:
Introduction to Problem
Proposed Hypothesis
Review of literature
Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This proposed work will obtain multilateral information through an extensive review of expert fieldwork in the area of water resources in the Middle East. It will seek to review the current state of scarcity over the long term wherever possible, looking at regional trend data. It will also review the current state of political management of water through an extensive study of core structural systems in place, and suggestions experts have for a potential peaceful future in regards to water resources. Lastly it will look at three regional conflict areas, with regard to military regions/borders where water could be said to have commanded military action."
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Dubai's Unprecedented Growth and Prosperity, 2008.
A look at the growth and prosperity that has taken place in Dubai.
2,825 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an in-depth look at Dubai, beginning with a description of its physical makeup and population. The paper also describes the businesses that have prospered there and the threats that exist.
Outline:
Population Boom and Its Effects
Living Conditions in the MENA Region
Major Environmental Threats
Adverse Political Impact
Effects on the Young and the Old
From the Paper
"Dubai is the second largest of the seven emirates composing the United Arab Emirates (WWF 2005). It is found in the Southern shore of the Arabian. Dubai has a land area of approximately 3,900 square kilometers. One of the richest of the Gulf States, the Emirate of Dubai has been enjoying unprecedented prosperity and prominence in tending to tourists in search of the sun and five-star hotel service (Airguide Online 2005). It has the most to offer as a tourist destination in comparison to the six severe Emirates. As it is, Dubai's population is projected to increase to 3 million or more than double in 12 years. It is fabulously wealthy and possesses all the essential characteristics of the first world yet altogether different. Its monarchy, which is headed by Abu Dhabi, still strictly controls expatriates, such as in the consumption of alcohol. Expatriates bring in large revenues and knowledge to Dubai and also constitute the largest part of its population. They patronize its beaches, world-class hotels and sports activities. A consequence of its enormous tourism level, oil was predicted to run dry in a few years (Airguide Online)..
One of the things, which keep getting bigger in this Emirate, is the very successful Dubai Duty Free business (Airguide Online 2005). It is now the largest in the world, growing at 32% a year and with sales reaching $500 million and projected to reach $1 billion in 2008. In 2003 alone, 18 million passengers used the Dubai International Airport. This figure was projected to reach 21.5 million and to rise to 60 million by 2010. Dubai has evolved into a pulsating and exciting city. It keeps on adding something new and more exciting list of attractions (Airguide Online)."
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Shaped by Mother Nature, 2008.
This paper discusses the historical interaction between Californian societies and California's climate, location and geology.
2,247 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the historical interaction between Californian societies and the state's climate, its location, and its curious geology - of which its vast stores of precious minerals is the most conspicuous feature. Although many things can potentially be said about this relationship, this paper argues that human societies in the Golden State have been profoundly shaped by their interaction - and occasional collision - with Mother Nature. The writer maintains that one cannot understand Californian society, where it has been and where it is going, without understanding its interaction to the environment. The paper looks at how human societies in California have been shaped by the region's environment, with particular attention being paid to the state's climate, geographic location and geology.
From the Paper
"Proceeding further, it must be borne in mind that California's geographic location has historically made it isolated - not least of all because wind flows made it difficult for pre-modern ships to travel up the coast, thereby discouraging travel from Latin America, Europe and the United States. At the same time, whatever human societies sprang up in California - especially those that rose to ascendance after the founding of the earliest American colonies - had to deal with the unhappy fact that the land they called their own was on the same continental land-mass as the rapidly-growing Americans; likewise, Mexico was not far of and they, too, had designs on completely subjugating the California territory. Interestingly, a case can be made that ongoing nineteenth century disputes with Mexican leaders and elites about the extent of Mexican central government control in California were scarcely less vehement and acrimonious than the disputes "Californios" would similarly have with unruly US settlers trying to turn the region into a possession of the burgeoning United States."
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The Land Use Trend of Urban Sprawl, 2008.
A media representation and scholarly analysis of the land use trend of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario, Canada.
1,949 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a number of media discussions of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario, Canada, in the context of scholarly analyses of this phenomenon. The paper argues that urban sprawl must be understood in terms of an economic geography analysis. It claims that this perspective would not only explain the factors contributing to this trend, but also explain its costs in environmental terms. The paper also discusses the implications for continuing change in land use and economic development in terms of Weberian locational principles. The paper contains appended original sources.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Media Representations of Urban Sprawl
Media in Context: The Scholarly Literature
Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As we have seen, while the media representation of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region have generally focused on environmental issues or associated political questions, there has been little attention paid to the broader economic forces that have shaped this land use trend. Through a review of scholarly literature combined with lecture material, it has been demonstrated how we must understand this phenomenon in terms of economic geography to appreciate its historical development as well as how the unchecked acceleration of this process risks increasing transportation costs and thereby - as Weberian locational behavior principles would suggest - undermining the economic future of the entire region. Thus, the necessity for government as a player in this process becomes clear, although the history of planning on this issue would suggest that viable solutions to the problem must incorporate a significant role for market forces as primary elements of change in the future of the region."
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Gentrification and Counter-Gentrification, 2008.
An analysis of the implications of gentrification and counter-gentrification in Kensington Market in Toronto.
1,263 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the process of gentrification and counter-gentrification in a particular Toronto neighborhood, known as Kensington Market. It argues that counter gentrification is currently a very powerful force in Kensington Market. It suggests that Kensington Market is too popular of an area to remain unaffected by gentrification and that it is also quite possible that counter-gentrification may unintentionally create the perfect conditions for gentrification to take hold.
Table of Contents:
Kensington Market
Car Free Sundays and the Anti-Corporate Movement
Are Counter Gentrification Forces Being Successful
Counter Gentrification Becoming a Force of Gentrification
Conclusions
Appendix
From the Paper
"The resistance to this store was led by a performance artist going by the name Reverend Billy and his church of Church of Stop Shopping. In essence this group preformed a very large performance piece in front of the Freshmart. This brought a great deal of negative publicity to the Freshmart (Shiff 2004: 1). The goals of these activities were to make life difficult for corporate businesses so they might close down. It also serves as a disincentive to corporate businesses so that they are less likely to set up operations in Kensington Market."
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