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Biofuels, 2008.
An investigation into the introduction and use of "biofuels" in the USA.
2,957 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper states that the US is the largest producer of corn in the world, with the massive overproduction currently directed to producing ethanol. This paper examines the issues relating to corn ethanol production and comparisons are made between corn ethanol and other oil based fuels, as well as a comparison between corn ethanol and other forms of biofuel which have recently been developed.
Outline:
Introduction
Corn Ethanol and Oil Fuels
Importance of Corn Biofuel
Production of Corn Biofuel
Energy Input to Production
Ethanol Practical and Competitive Uses
Other Biofuels
Biologically Based Ethanol
Biodiesel
The Future of Biofuels
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Early reports showed that there was a requirement for more energy in the process of producing ethanol than the energy source would release and there were several other studies in the twenty years which followed which confirmed these findings. The majority of this energy is assumed to come from fossil fuels (Pimentel and Patzek), which implies that corn ethanol is actually no better than simply using fossil fuels when production is taken into account. It has also been shown that the burning of corn ethanol in automobiles also contributes significantly to air pollution. "
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Water in the Middle East, 2008.
This paper discusses the supply of water in the Middle East.
869 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the availability of potable water is a growing political, economic and humanitarian crisis facing many nations of the Middle East. The writer notes that the scarcity of water has become a political bargaining chip and source of conflict among many Middle East nations for years, and numerous threats could inflame this contentious issue. For example, the population of the Middle East is growing at a significant rate, which means less water is available per person, and some countries have not invested enough in water infrastructure. The writer maintains that for the region to have enough water to meet growing demand, it will have to focus on infrastructure development, equitable sharing, and new technologies, such as desalination. The writer concludes that while enormous challenges remain, nations that have launched bold water initiatives, such as the UAE with its aggressive deployment of desalination technology, have shown that successful outcomes can be achieved.
Outline:
Population, Access and Demand
Water Sharing Could Spark Conflict
Desalination Holds Hope
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Desalination may play a critical role in helping the Middle East contend with its growing water shortages. While fresh water may be in low supply in the Middle East, there is a great deal of oceanic salt water. Desalination uses a thorough filtration process called reverse osmosis to remove the salt from brackish water and turn it into potable water. Certain Middle East countries have been particularly aggressive about investing in desalination. As the chart below demonstrates, 70 percent of the water supply for the United Arab Emirates now comes from desalination. "
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The Florida Everglades, 2008.
This paper discusses the environmental problems and solutions for the Florida Everglades.
2,414 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the Everglades' environmental challenges of a decreasing size and a reduced animal, bird and plant population. The paper maintains that special interests, such as the sugar industry, need to look toward the future and not merely at today's profits. The paper further asserts that people have to stand up and fight to restore the Everglades to their former glory.
From the Paper
"The Everglades, or the "River of Grass," as it is known, has a long history in southern Florida. Scientists believe it was formed at least 6,000 years ago, when the Atlantic Ocean's elevation changed and flooded some low-lying territory in what is now Florida. The fresh and saltwater marshes and swamps that resulted are fed both by rainwater and by streams and rivers in the entire area. Sub-tropical plants began to populate the area, such as mangroves, willows, bald cypress, and many others. Eventually, a huge area of sawgrass formed, creating the "river of grass" as the Everglades have come to be called. Today, that river is 60 miles wide and 300 miles long, creating a habitat for hundreds of unique wildlife, from birds to crustaceans and even coral reefs (Editors, 2002). Unfortunately, the immense area of the Everglades has shrunk by millions of acres due to "reclamation" efforts in the nineteenth century that led to draining large areas to reclaim them for farmland and building development."
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Marine Conservation, 2008.
This paper discusses marine conservation and governmental intervention to impact the declining health of the marine environment.
4,800 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the growth and development of the marine industry has been sustained by the rise and application of newer technologies, innovative business ideas and incentives given by the government. The writer then points out that with the turn of the twentieth century, one witnessed marine resources being widely explored and exploited for profit making. This exploration and exploitation has been enabled mainly by improved and enhanced technological innovations, which included fully developed and customized boats, fishing, digging and navigational equipment. This mushroom growth has left behind the institutions that are responsible for regulating marine laws. The writer discusses that Governments have been unable to maintain their regulatory measures with the pace of growth assumed by the private sector. The writer concludes that one of the most successful endeavors for the promoting of marine preservation and marine life protection has been the Greenpeace project that has been pressuring international and national governments to make and implement laws that protect the underwater environment, the animals and the future of the under water life. There is still a long way to go and sincere steps have to be taken to ensure comprehensive marine conservation
Outline:
Introduction
Background to the Problem
Marine Conservations Organizations
The First Law: The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
The Second Law: The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)
The Third Law: Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act - Ocean Dumping
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Organizations engaged in political campaigning to pressurize Congress to pass laws and enforce them countrywide use public awareness and attention to rally support for their cause. The more public support they acquire, the higher the propensity of politicians jumping in the marine conservation campaign. Coast Alliance is one organization that can be considered as an ideal example for organizations that are currently active in political campaigning and gathering local support. It currently has coalition partners (other non-profit organizations) across America, all of whom are striving for maximum results. Similarly, Earthjustice is another organization that has been proactive engaged in the enforcement of existing laws representing hundreds of other marine conservation organizations. In addition, Marine Conservation Biology Institute aims to rally the scientific community on one platform in order to facilitate scientific research and set agendas for policy issues and pass on accurate information to both government and public."
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The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, 2008.
A investigation into the Exxon Mobil claim that the fishing industry has recovered from the oil spill at Prince William Sound.
1,154 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper is an endeavor to disseminate the truth from the differing opinions relating to an oil spill and environmental disaster. The paper examines the claims made that the fisheries that were destroyed when the ship Exxon Valdez spilled its oil into the Prince William Sound, have completely recovered.
Outline:
Introduction
Exxon's Shame
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report
Alaska Fisheries Science Center Report
Conclusions Drawn from the Review of Literature
From the Paper
"A report published by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center entitled: "The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: How Much Oil Remains" states that the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound "released a minimum of 1.1 million gallons of Alaska crude oil into one of the largest and most productive estuaries in North America." (Short, Rice and Lindeberg, 2001) Studies conducted since that time, specifically a study in 1993 returned estimates stating that "7m of shore line were still contaminated with subsurface oil." (Short, Rice and Lindeberg, 2001) Monitoring that has been ongoing in nature has determined that by 1999 "oil was surprisingly persistent and often in relatively unweathered state, containing high concentrations of toxic and biologically available polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)." (Short, Rice and Lindeberg, 2001) Moreover, "fauna from higher tropic levels such as sea otters and sea ducks still have not recovered." (Short, Rice and Lindeberg, 2001) Public concern led the 2001 assessment of the shorelines of Prince William Sound. The following table relates the summary of the sampling effort in this assessment."
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Hydroelectric Dams, 2008.
A very brief overview of the history and efficiency of hydroelectric dams.
795 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In the United States, hydroelectric dams once provided as much as one-half of all electrical power needs. This paper discusses how since they require so much land, there is also a natural limit to how many new dams can be built and debates their true efficiency as opposed to use of other forms of renewable energy such as fossil fuels.
Outline:
Background and History
Hydroelectric Dams for Power Production and Flooding Prevention in the United States
Evaluating the Contemporary Efficiency and Economics of Hydroelectric Dams
From the Paper
"Before electricity was harnessed for use as a convenient power source, many early post-Industrial Revolution factories and textile mills relied on water, either for mills driven by the natural power of gravity, or steam engines. Modern hydroelectric dams are complex structures capable of controlling immense volumes of water to reduce the likelihood of natural floods, to provide electric power, irrigate land, and allow open reservoirs and aqueducts to store and deliver water supplies to remote areas far from natural fresh water sources."
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Innovation in the Oil Industry, 2008.
Explores the organizational responses of the oil industry to externally induced ethanol and energy innovations.
10,390 words (approx. 41.6 pages), 59 sources, APA, $ 208.95
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Abstract
The paper deals with the impact of external forces of developmental innovation on the management strategies and processes of oil companies. The paper highlights how adoption of new innovation strategies can be difficult to apply for a major industry like the oil industry at the same time as highlighting the advantages that the oil industry could have by adopting the newer innovation strategies. The paper also deals with the appropriateness of the timing, speed and application of the innovation strategies within the oil industry.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Analyzing Industry Environment through Innovative Business Management
Analyzing Competition within the Industry
Timing of Innovation
Innovation Speed
The Impact of Corporate Culture on Innovation
The Use of Core Competence as an Innovation Method
Internal Innovation
Research and Development
The Speed of Marketing the Innovated Product
The Relationship between Innovation and Organizational Success
The Impact of Innovation on Organizational Capabilities
The Relationship between Experience and Innovation
Strategic Planning and Innovation
The Strategic Planning Model Developed by Bryson
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The production of ethanol also leads to the release of aldehydes and alcohol in the environment which is harmful as they are cancer-causing chemicals. After the production of ethanol was inspected, the chemicals and gases released into the atmosphere were found to be quite detrimental for the environment. As even the plowing, planting, cultivation and transportation of corn takes up petroleum energy, ethanol can not be considered to be a safe alternate energy source and neither is it environmentally friendly as it contributes to a lot of environmental pollution."
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Organic Textiles, 2008.
Looks at the need for sustainable practices in the textile industry by using eco-friendly, organic fabrics.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that using organic fabrics has grown increasingly popular even within cutting-edge fashion collections of the textile industry as a way of addressing the environmental challenges posed by manufacturing the fabrics used to make clothing. The author stresses the need for using sustainable fabrics, which are organically grown and, during their production into textiles, will not leach out harmful chemicals. In addition, when the finished garment is discarded as no longer being wearable, the textile must be safely recyclable. The paper concludes that, gradually, both the industry and consumers are beginning to recognize the health and environmental benefits of organic fabrics. Designers no longer see such fabrics as creatively stifling but rather a new source of aesthetic inspiration.
From the Paper
"Just as Whole Foods was once the only place to buy organic food in many areas, and now Wal-Mart stocks such offerings, such is becoming the case with organic, sustainable textiles. As concern about the health and safety of children's clothing manufactured abroad continues, even major retailers have begun to see the organic textile market as a potential marketing gambit. Of course, fashion is driven by style as well as need--the need of consumers to clothe themselves and for retailers to make money."
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Athens: Modernity versus Historical Preservation, 2008.
This essay looks at Athens, Greece as a city stuck between modern development and historical preservation.
4,722 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, with the pressures of growth, Athens has made some unfortunate development decisions that have altered the landscape of the historic city. Ultimately, the pressures of residential development, economic growth and the 2004 Olympics have forced Athens to engage in a losing battle over the past century to preserve its historic and cultural beauty.This paper asserts that the city will need to make difficult planning and aesthetic decisions in order to reverse this course.
Outline:
Introduction
Residential development
Economic development
Impact of the 2004 Olympics
Conclusion: Lingering Problems and Solutions
Residential development
Economic development
From the Paper
"While the polykatoikias did their part to alter for the worse the post-war Athenian skyline, there were many buildings constructed to facilitate Greek economic development that had the same effect. In truth, it is impossible to separate the polykatoikias from Greek economic development, because they were a big part of Greek industry in the decades immediately following the end of World War II. The polykatoikias were constructed by private enterprises, contractors who were receiving free land in return for constructing the buildings. But there were certainly many buildings constructed during the middle and latter portions of the 20th century that significantly modified the look and feel of Athens."
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Early Tsunami Warning System, 2008.
A discussion which relates to the formulation of an early warning system for Tsunamis.
3,200 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper defines the word "tsunami" and discusses the world wide interest in formulating an early warning system to prevent tidal waves such as that which occurred in previous years, from ever occurring again. The paper discusses various ideas and plans to install such systems and comments on their efficacy. It also discusses a proposed study, which seeks to identify the most effective method of coordinating and implementing a comprehensive integration of public and private services to provide the people of Thailand with a tsunami early warning system.
Outline:
Introduction
Background to the Study / Cause of the Problem.
Statement of the Problem / Problem Statement / Defining the Research Problem
Research Objective
Conceptualization
Method of Data Collection
Method of Data Analysis and Interpretation
Reference Technique Framework of the Proposed Dissertation
From the Paper
"A critical review of the relevant peer-reviewed, scholarly and organizational literature will be used to provide the background described above, as well as to identify any gaps in the existing tsunami warning system that are specifically relevant to Thailand's case. In this regard, Fraekel and Wallen (2001) emphasize that, "Both the opinions of experts in the field and other research studies are of interest. Such reading is referred to as a review of the literature" (p. 48). Likewise, Gratton and Jones (2003) note that a critical reviewing of the relevant literature is an important part of almost any type of research endeavor: "No matter how original you think the research question may be," they point out, "it is almost certain that your work will be building on the work of others."
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