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Gentrification in Williamsburg, 2007.
A discussion of "Gentrification and the Nature of Work: Exploring the Links in Williamsburg, Brooklyn" by Winifred Curran.
1,171 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper defines gentrification as turning old, decaying neighborhoods inhabited by minorities into wealthy, exciting and sparkling new communities in which the original residents cannot afford to live. The paper discusses how new businesses that move in are affected by gentrification. The paper examines Winifred Curran's "Gentrification and the Nature of Work: Exploring the Links in Williamsburg, Brooklyn" where she shows how small-scale manufacturing and blue-collar work in Williamsburg has been displaced by gentrification. The paper also discusses Jason Patch's work on the embedded landscape of gentrification.
From the Paper
"Very little has been written on the blue-collar workers that remain in the central city. The work they have done and their presence, despite the assumption that deindustrialization is complete by policymakers, make up a crucial element of the neighborhood, an element that would be removed if gentrification is allowed to continue, tearing out the heart of the lifeforce that makes Williamsburg what it is. Manufacturing is still a viable sector of the urban economy that is increasingly at risk of displacement, she argues, and because of that the conversion of industrial space to residential use is simply due to speculative real-estate pressure. Gentrification is encouraging industrial displacement in this transitional area of Brooklyn, which in turn is leading to the degradation of blue-collar work that remains there, and to the increasing informality of work."
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Global Warming, 2007.
A look at some of the effects and future implications of global warming.
768 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how global warming is now a widely recognized reality and contends that it is currently being treated as an economic and political issue but should be treated as a scientific issue. It argues that the Kyoto Protocol, set up to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, should never have allowed economic considerations to justify exemptions.
From the Paper
"Although a total of 166 countires have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the countries that would have the most impact have not. The United States, currently the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has refused to sign the agreement because it states that exemptions to developing countries such as China and India are unfair. Instead, the United States is sticking to its "strategy" announced way back in early 2001 to, "reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the American economy by 18 percent over the 10-year period from 2002 to 2012. Unregulated emissions from exempted countries under the Kyoto Protocol are getting progressively worse. The International Energy Agency has just released a report late this year revealing that China will surpass the United States in 2009, a decade ahead of previous predictions, as the largest emitter of main gas linked to global warming. "
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Alternative Fuels, 2007.
This paper explores global warming and the chemical benefits of alternative fuels.
2,041 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the "greenhouse effect" and the 1987 Montreal Protocol. The paper discusses the controversies surrounding global warming but relates that whether global warming is absolute fact or not, numerous scientific studies contend that greenhouse gases are emitted by virtually all economic sectors and the potential for global warming does exist. The paper lists the chemical benefits alternative fuels have on the atmosphere and global warming. The paper points out that the direct effects of alternative fuels on the atmosphere and global warming are difficult to forecast and impossible to measure. The paper includes images, tables and copies of appended sources.
Outline:
The Greenhouse Effect
Atmospheric Concerns
Direct Effects
From the Paper
"Contrary to global warming theory, a study published in the Annals of Glaciology challenges global warming and contends that facts confirm the global warming concept to be inconsistent with trends of the Antarctic ice. This study reports that NASA satellite observations determined the Antarctic has not melted, and instead has increased during the last 20 years the. Claire Parkinson, a NASA climatologist who ". . . analyzed the role of sea ice in the global-climate system since 1979 . . . measured the duration of Antarctic ice seasons . . . and found nearly twice as much land that had seasons increasing by one day per year between 1979 and 1999 than areas where the opposite occurred." (George) Numerous other scientific studies reportedly support the recent NASA observations."
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Coal Mining In Hunter Valley, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of coal mining in Hunter Valley, Australia.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that within the global environment there are nearly always situations and circumstances of special interest within the environmental sciences, as changes in industry occur all over the world and have varying impacts on the environment, both locally and globally. The writer points out that one issue of just such importance and of particular personal importance is the issue of Coal Mining in Hunter Valley New South Wales, Australia. The writer discusses the proposed development of an open pit coal mine in one of the few remaining tracks of naturally preserved land in the region, in fact the largest containing nearly 600 living elements of flora and fauna many of which are threatened, and the global nature of the debate that has ensued. The writer notes that conclusion of the matter is likely to end with approval for the Centennial Mining Co., as they, as well as most others, are assured that their extensive work to develop the plans and impact reports for the Anvil mine location will result in success since the state government is clearly projected to approve the development of the mine in Anvil Hill.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Proposal For Change
From the Paper
"One of the most challenging issues at work today in the environmental sciences is of coarse sustainable development. We stand at the precipice of a period of global transition, where challenges to the old, including but not limited to challenges to the global dependence on fossil fuels and a demand to transition to sustainable resources are in conflict. The transition will surely prove to be a difficult one, even though it would not seem that it should be given the seriousness of the environmental issues at hand. It is proposed by many environmental scientists that environmental devastation caused in part by the emissions of greenhouse gasses that deplete the earths protection from the sun and will eventually lead to mass climate change that could create a situation of extinction not only for the environment but for humans, much like the one theoretical extinction of historical proportions that are currently being studied, that of the dinosaurs. The transition is a challenge in a broad sense because the foundation of energy resources if squarely placed upon the use of fossil fuels and many individuals and organizations stand to lose a great deal in the short run for a long term goal that will likely never gain for them at all."
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The Future: Promising or Foreboding?, 2007.
This paper presents a picture of an optimistic future for humanity in spite of the many negative outlooks.
2,517 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how it is relatively easy to be pessimistic about the future in our modern world. The paper notes the daily reports about wars, terrorism, increasing poverty, the spread of HIV/AIDS and many factors that suggest that the future is a very bleak one. The paper suggests, however, that there has been an overemphasis on the negative view of life in modern society. The paper looks at phenomena such as global warming, the energy shortage, the advent of the Internet and the field of science and technology in a positive light and maintains that civilization has potential for a positive future.
Outline:
Global Warming and Climate Change
Energy Resources
Communications
Science and Technology
Education
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is relatively easy to be pessimistic about the future in our modern world. One only has to glance at the news to find aspects of our world that portend a gloomy and depressing future. There are daily reports about wars, terrorism, increasing poverty, the spread and HV/Aids and a host of other factors that suggest that the future is a very bleak for humanity on this planet. The recent announcement from the scientific community about the increase in global warming and climate change suggests that the entire human species might disappear in the future. One could easily fill an entire book with dire and pessimistic prophesies about event that bode ill for the future of humanity."
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A Grim Future for the Planet, 2007.
A look at James Howard Kunstler's book, "The Long Emergency: Surviving the End of the Oil Age, Climate Change, and Other Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-First Century".
2,346 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses James Howard Kunstler's belief that because the world will run out of cheap oil in the foreseeable future, wars will be inevitable. The paper looks at his terribly gloomy predictions of social chaos and planetary catastrophe. The paper points out, however, that Kunstler does offer some compelling scientific facts about the upcoming end of cheap oil and of global warming issues that pose serious danger to the welfare of people and wildlife.
From the Paper
"Kunstler's critics accuse him of being an alarmist, and he certainly is one; that's his whole point, that the alarm needs to be sounded, and since nobody else is doing it, he may as well grab the microphone. He is basically saying, brace yourselves citizens, our society will fall, each component of it, one by one, like dominos, and there is little that we can do about it. He rails over and over about the "prodigious, unparalleled misallocation of resources" that is today's city suburbs. Without cheap oil, the suburb dynamic "simply won't work," and cannot be replaced because it is "unreformable and does not lend itself to being retrofitted... [and] as the suburbs disintegrate, we will be lucky if we can reconstitute our existing traditional towns and cities brick by brick and street by street.""
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Alternative Landfill Covers, 2007.
This paper discusses the merits of alternative landfill cover methods as opposed to conventional techniques.
2,327 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews literature on the subject of landfill covers and shows how conventional techniques are significantly flawed. The paper notes high implementation costs and leaks through the barriers. The paper looks at alternative landfill covers methods like evapotranspiration, geomembranes and anisotropic barriers that direct water away from the landfill site instead of through it. The paper shows how alternative systems are designed to work on a site-specific basis with the local environmental conditions.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Clearly, the issue of waste management in the United States and the world is a significant one. Waste continues to pile higher every year, and landfills are filling up faster than ever (Albright et al. 71). When a landfill reaches its designated capacity, it is sealed and covered. In the past, this has meant the use of rather conventional techniques. Usually, a landfill is lined with compacted clay before even one piece of garbage is dumped there. Then, when the landfill has been filled to capacity, the entire site is covered over. The purpose of all of this engineering is simple: reduce the environmental damage and impact of the site by lessening the degree to which pollutants and contaminants can leach from the site through the introduction of either groundwater or rain."
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Designing Leisure Centres, 2007.
This paper discusses the importance of an ergonomic design of leisure centers.
3,199 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how leisure centers, as places of business, should focus on the specific needs of the diverse societies they serve, including children of various age groups, adults of various ages, mothers, the aged and physically or mentally disabled people. The paper explains the importance of ergonomic modifications being incorporated in a leisure facility in terms of quality and safety. The paper looks at integrating employees in the same manner. The paper concludes that it is vital for all areas of life to be made as inclusive as possible for all persons in society.
Outline:
Ergonomic Needs
Integration of Ergonomic Needs
Programme for Ergonomic Needs of Users and Operators
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Children from 5 to 8 years would for example have needs such as facilities that cater for their limited size. Shallow pools, smaller tennis courts, light-weight equipment and lower drinking fountains are examples of these. They would also require adult supervision and adult-led activities in order to ensure their safety and enjoyment at all times. At the same time, supervision by a professional adult would reassure parents of their children's safety. Children aged form 9-12 years would still require a fair amount of adult supervision, although in certain activities they might be given more autonomy and/or responsibility. This depends upon their age - a child of nine years old would be slightly young to leave completely alone during an activity."
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Rebuilding New Orleans, 2007.
This paper examines the destruction of New Orleans and what building efforts are necessary to rebuild the city.
1,682 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Hurricane Katrina had major repercussions on the city of New Orleans, not just by destroying its physical infrastructure and historic landmarks, but also by creating one of the most major social catastrophes in recent American history. The paper looks at the substantive property damage, loss of life, displacement of thousands of residents and an aftermath of looting. The paper shows the importance of a socially and environmentally sustainable development plan. The paper discusses the ways in which New Orleans can and must rebuild itself as a socially just, economically viable and progressive American city.
From the Paper
"Hurricane Katrina destroyed one of America's most vibrant, unique, and historic cities: New Orleans. Rebuilding New Orleans is requiring colossal efforts on the part of public and private organizations and individuals. Not only did the hurricane cause substantive property damage and loss of life but Katrina also led to the displacement of thousands of residents. The poor were the hardest hit for many reasons: they had the fewest resources with which to mobilize their evacuations and their homes were among the least structurally sound. Katrina left an aftermath of looting, which added to the property damage suffered by local residents and business owners."
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Environmental Protection, 2007.
This paper takes a look at the necessity of environmental protection.
1,543 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of environmental protection. Specifically, the paper discusses what environmental protection is, and why it is vital in today's global culture.
Outline:
What Exactly is Environmental Protection?
A Short History of Environmental Protection
Why Environmental Protection is so Important
Why Some People are Opposed to Environmental Protection
How the Environment is a Vital Part of our Lives
From the Paper
"Some people do not believe humankind can destroy entire ecological niches on the planet; they believe it will always "heal" itself in some way. Others do not believe that humans are causing environmental issues such as global warming. These people are opposed to most environmental protection efforts, because they see them as "liberal" posturing, causing expenditures that could be used in other areas. Many business owners, especially those engaged in harmful industries, such as chemicals and such, are opposed to environmental protection because they feel it takes away some of their profits and applies rules and regulations that are difficult to conform to. As another environmental author notes, "Environmental regulations are certainly costly. The relevant question is whether they produce much in return. After all, if the benefits outweigh the costs, it may not be worth quibbling over the price tag" (Adler 653). In addition, many people are opposed to government agencies controlling environmental policy, as they feel there are too many rules, regulations, and government meddling already, and environmental protection simply adds more regulation and government intervention to the problem. "
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