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The Law of Thermodynamic Economics, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship between thermodynamics and neo-classical economics.
1,146 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses unsustainable consumption patterns and the laws of thermodynamics. It discusses the relationship between thermodynamics and the study of neo-classical economics and free-market society and its importance in the current economic model. Finally, the paper examines why ecological economics is antithetical to neo-classical economists and free market advocates and then discusses the need for further research on the topic.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Thermodynamics in Economics
Current Importance
Objections
Further Research
From the Paper
"The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation and this law is critical in the establishment of sustainable consumption patterns within a free-market economy that rejects all forms of constraints (Lawn pars.2-5). Although this law states that energy cannot be destroyed or created it illustrates that materials that result in energy can be depleted through transformation processes that result in forms of energy that cannot be harvested in an economic sense. Entropy is essentially the second law of thermodynamics and as such is central to thermodynamics as it is applied to ecological economics. Entropy is the concept in ecological economics that describes the state of potential energy as being less than the initial energy contained within an item or unit (Finch & McMaster 135). It describes the necessity of continually introducing new energy into economic activity to produce ever greater results or outcomes at the risk of economic shutdown."
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Boundary of the Greenbelt Plan, 2007.
An analysis of the success of the Greenbelt Plan in curbing urban sprawl in Ontario.
1,299 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Greenbelt Plan 2005. It looks at the issues that have been created by suburban development, particularly urban sprawl. The paper then discusses the environmental, economic and political problems that can be caused by urban sprawl. The paper analyzes the Greenbelt Plan and discusses how it has been implemented in Ontario and its success. The paper finally presents an argument that the Greenbelt area is not significantly curbing urban sprawl. In order to further its arguments, the paper includes area maps.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Greenbelt Plan
Thesis
The Study Area
Method
Population Growth in Scugog Township
The Growth Rate of Vaughan and Uxbridge
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The first factor that needs to be considered is that the census data is not current. The census data was obtained in 2001. The Greenbelt plan was not implemented until 2005. This means that the real effects of the Greenbelt will not be observable until the most recent census is made available. Even then the data may only show the beginning of a curbing trend."
"The other factor to consider is location. Vaughan is located immediately north of Toronto. Uxbridge and Scugog Township are located to a considerable distance from Toronto. Vaughan's close proximity to Toronto may be a factor in its higher growth rate."
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Big Box Sprawl, 2007.
An analysis of the range of variables that have contributed to the decline of the urban, inner-city retail strips and the rise of the suburban economic power centers.
2,383 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the decline of the urban, inner-city retail strips and the rise of the suburban economic power centers featuring the massive commercial developments known as "big box" or "category killer" retailers. The paper examines this phenomenon and focuses on the experience of the greater Toronto area. It looks at the range of variables that have contributed to this phenomenon, the most significant of which is the explosive levels of growth in North American suburbs as immigrants bypass the traditional inner-city reception areas and settle directly in the suburbs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Death of the Inner-City Retail Strip
Immigration and Growth
Characteristics of Suburban Retail Growth: The Big Boxes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Rather, as this essay has attempted to show, demographic factors have also played an important role in both diminishing the local clientele for inner-city retail strips and fuelling the growth of not only the suburbs but the "big box" retailers situated in the suburbs. Immigrants have been central in this dynamic, as migration from overseas bypassing the traditional immigrant reception areas in Toronto's downtown core, as well as intra-city migration of already established immigrants, are not only resulting in the collapse of retail strips such as Chinatown East, but are accentuating the growth of Chinese suburbs and malls. In this analysis, while the suburban power-centres and inner city retail strips are not in direct competition, they are twin poles of an economic dynamic that is reshaping the retail and settlement patterns of cities such as Toronto."
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Regulation and Market Forces, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of pollution controls in relation to the Canadian petroleum industry.
2,341 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the effectiveness of Canada's aggressive regulatory regime in controlling pollution emissions by the Canadian petroleum industry. The paper places particular emphasis on information asymmetries between government and industry. The paper shows the flaws of government regulation and concludes that were the government to instead invest in systematically promoting environmental awareness among the public, it would clearly have a significant impact upon the petroleum industry through market forces.
Outline:
Introduction
The Canadian Petroleum Industry
Information Asymmetries and the Pigouvian Tax
Regulation and its Discontents
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The question of the effectiveness of aggressive regulatory intervention in the marketplace is a complex one given how it balances economic theory and legal principles within the context of political realities. The complexity of this is due to the extremely high level of variables that must be incorporated into an analysis in order to fully understand the problem at hand. In this regard, the Canadian regulatory regime of pollution controls on the country's petroleum industry represents an excellent example through which we may understand the complexity of analysis of government practices in this regard."
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Water in Vancouver, 2007.
An analysis of the environmental concerns surrounding Vancouver's drinking water.
914 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the bacteria content and safety of the drinking water in Vancouver, Canada. It looks at how the environment can affect one's drinking water and what needs to be done to prevent bacteria from entering the water we drink. The paper then discusses what individuals can do to help the community improve the safety of drinking water.
From the Paper
"Vancouver's water system has experienced problems in the past. For instance, bacteria in the water can be a health risk. Bacteria can affect drinking water if it is not prevented. "Unfiltered surface water supplies have the potential of containing the protozoan pathogens Giardia and Cryptosporidium" (Water 7). In fact, this has occurred in the past such as during the late 1920's. Since this time, environmental concerns have been addressed by many communities in Canada and the United States. Canada is concerned about improving water and sanitation in the region (ADB Taking New Directions). While Vancouver gets much of its water from Eagle Lake and Montizambert Creek, testing for bacteria is required. Samples are tested for bacteria, physical and chemical parameters including metals as well as samples for fecal coliform, total coliforms, and E.coli (2005 Drinking Water ii)."
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Canadian Bulk Water Export, 2007.
This paper provides a look at the various components of a controversial policy concerning Canadian bulk water export.
1,945 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses that water exportation has emerged as a serious matter for the Canadian government as the United States begins to cast covetous eyes northward. With that in mind, this paper looks at the environmental values in play, at the various government institutions at the heart of the matter, at the agencies/departments involved and at the relative strength of the present policy and what environmental policy tools were most likely used in its crafting. In the end, the writer notes that what should emerge from this study is the recognition that Canada may not have a perfect strategy, but at least a strategy of some kind is in place. The writer concludes that while the future is obviously still to be determined, Canada at least has a workable legislative framework in place to protect its water reserves.
Outline:
Environmental Values
Relevant (Government) Institutions
Pertinent Government Agencies/Departments
Relevant Organizations
The Quality of the Decision and the Environmental Policy Tools Used
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In any case, the 2002 amendments do follow a general pattern of greater federal involvement in the issue. For instance, the 2002 measure delineated above is actually an extension of prior amendments brought into effect the preceding year whereby the International Boundary Waters Treaty Act was modified in such a way that "bulk" water removal from the Canadian parts of the boundary waters - chiefly the Great Lakes - would no longer be permitted. Finally, a still-earlier report from March of 2000 (jointly written by the Canadian and American governments) entitled, Protection of the Waters of the Great Lakes, mandates that water removal from the Great Lakes should not proceed unless it can be satisfactorily proved that the ecosystem of the Great Lakes Basin will not be harmed. All in all, Ottawa has asserted itself on this matter and made it clear that it will use its legislative purview to establish laws protecting Canada's freshwater deposits; simultaneously, the Canadian government - as the chief international negotiator acting on behalf of all Canadians - has made a concerted effort to join with its American counterparts in deploring and discouraging the mass export of water from vulnerable boundary areas."
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City and Suburbs, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of revisionism in early 20th century Montreal and New York City.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article notes that Robert Lewis, in "A City Transformed: Manufacturing Districts and Suburban Growth in Montreal, 1850-1929", and Richard Harris, in "Industry and Residence: The Decentralization of New York City, 1900-1940", deal with the phenomenon of suburbanization in two large North American cities within time frames overlapping the early 20th century. The writer points out that both authors' analyses of changes in residential settlement, industrial relocation, and the restructuring of the urban and suburban landscapes along class lines represent a radical revision of the traditional conceptual models of the processes of suburbanization. The writer maintains that both of these articles are primarily descriptive as opposed to theoretical. It is only when one considers them in terms of the article they later jointly authored - "The Geography of North American Cities and Suburbs, 1900-1950" - that one may see how explicitly their revisionist perspectives, foreshadowed in these earlier articles, have challenged prevailing theoretical models of suburbanization in North America.
Outline:
Introduction
New York and Montreal: Key Findings
The Findings in their Larger Theoretical Context
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The findings that the move to the suburbs in both Montreal and New York City during the late 19th and early 20th century was comprised of working class people represents a critical distinction between this phase of suburbanization and the more well-known later 20th century model. For example, in the 20th century settlement in the suburbs was seen as a means of escaping low-income housing. In a number of American cities, a racial dimension was added to this class distinction, as the suburbs became areas to which the blue-collar white workers and the white middle-class resettled from the inner city, which was left to the African American working class. Studies of cities such as Detroit have found that these industrial suburbs are notably "hostile" to Black settlement; a factor that adds the complications of race and ethnicity to class in explaining settlement patterns and the processes of suburbanization."
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The Sustainability of Coal, 2007.
This paper examines the potential of coal as an environmentally responsible means of energy production.
1,053 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper explores whether or not coal power can ever become a sustainable technology. The paper defines sustainability and explains that although coal power plants pollute the atmosphere, new technologies have made the idea of environmentally responsible coal power plants a possibility. The paper concludes that the use of coal in hyper-efficient gasification plants seems to be a viable, sustainable option.
From the Paper
"First we must articulate a conception of sustainability, a definition if you will. Conclusions about coal's sustainability will be largely arbitrary unless we establish from the outset a clear sense of what it means to be sustainable. This will provide the framework with which coal's potential to be a sustainable option can be evaluated. It is naive to think that sustainability is defined as an either-or proposition. Too often, definitions of sustainability imagine that a process, technology, or ideology is either sustainable or it is not."
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Developing a Green Residence, 2007.
A case study of a plan to develop a large green residence in the inland Pacific Northwest area.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that transforming the concept of creating a green building, which interacts with the planet's ecosystem, into a coherent, rational and specific plan and constructing it is a challenge. The author points out that the conditions of a green building design process are low construction impact, resource efficiency through the life of the building, long lasting, nontoxic and aesthetically pleasing. The paper relates that choosing wood, especially large timbers, for a green home may seem odd; however, wood is the greenest of green building materials because it is a dense collection of cellulose that is strong, flexible, and eminently workable and is a renewable resource.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: A Wealthy Celebrity's Green Dream
The Location: The Inland Pacific Northwest
The Design: Materials and Structure
The Design: Peripheral Systems
Conclusions: The Green Home
From the Paper
"With the client's requirements in mind, the site considerations, and the aforementioned green building criteria, I have determined that the most appropriate building style for this site will be pole construction, in which large round timbers provide the skeletal support structure on which the roof and floors are hung. Pole construction has the benefit of being easily adaptable to most sites, including the steep site that the client owns. In addition, the simplicity of the construction method means that both material and labor costs are reduced dramatically, further limiting resource and energy depletion."
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United States, Canada and Global Warming, 2007.
This paper compares the U.S. and Canadian policies regarding climate change.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the anthropogenic causes of global warming, the evidence of its existence and some of the differing ways in which the U.S. and Canada are approaching the issue of climate change. The paper discusses how, while Canada appears sincere in its efforts to adhere to Kyoto Protocol requirements, it seems to be actually achieving less than the United States.
From the Paper
"The causes of global warming are many. Most notably, carbon dioxide and methane gas emissions - be they from power plants, from vehicles, from planes, or from man-made structures/installations - serve to facilitate global warming insofar as CO2 and methane gas molecules (as well as Chloroflurocarbon molecules) "trap" long-wave radiation, otherwise known as "heat", and prevent it from escaping into space. Suffice it to say, the more CO2, Chlorofluorcarbons and methane present in the atmosphere, the more global temperatures will climb (Collins, para.5 and para.8-10). All in all, the accumulation of CO2 and methane in the atmosphere and the attendant higher temperatures mean the slow deterioration of vulnerable ecosystems - such as the two Artic Poles - that are not designed to accommodate rapid temperature increase."
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