| Papers [111-120] of 2448 :: [Page 12 of 245] | | Go to page : <— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 —> | |
|
|
Social Exclusion, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of social exclusion as part of urban sociology.
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that social exclusion is one of the ways in which social inequalities are expressed within urban areas. The author points out that residents are grouped together according to a number of factors including socio-economic status, race, gender and even age. The paper relates that those individuals with few economic resources, limited social capital or belonging to the wrong gender or race end up being excluded from the social process that ultimately shapes urban areas. The author underscores that urban sociology fits into this field of study because these activities determine the shape of the city, which in turn affects the behavior of individuals. The paper states that the simplest form of social exclusion is that there is no space for the groups that are being excluded, such as the homeless.
From the Paper
"Public spaces are enclosed because they have economic value. However, the economic interests of corporations and other members of society are entwined with political and social interests. As certain economic, social and political interests come to dominate public spaces, certain social elements must be excluded. This is a perfect example of how the social processes involved in the city ultimately change the physical nature of the city. These changes in physical structure ultimately result in further social change. This clearly demonstrates the relationship between social exclusion and urban sociology."
| |
|
The Definition of Urban, 2008.
An examination of the definitions for "urban" as applicable to the city of Toronto.
1,101 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses possible definitions for the term "urban" as it is used in urban studies. The paper particularly focuses on the term in relation to Toronto. The paper shows how Canada has tried to solve the debate of the definition of "urban," by creating definitions based on population size and population density. It discusses the pros and cons of such a definition and provides examples to illustrate the points made.
From the Paper
"The perfect example of this argument is the Dundas Square
in Toronto. This public space was built in response to economic, political and social relationships that had developed in that area of Toronto. As a result a physical space was constructed that was a symbolic representation of these relationships. After the space was built new social, economic and political relationships were established in and around this space. This included new businesses, a different use of the space itself and a number of other activities that did not occur in this area before Dundas Square was built."
| |
|
Ontario and Waste Management, 2008.
An in-depth discussion of Ontario's waste disposal policies.
2,192 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 68.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper explores the severity of the waste management problem in Ontario, specifically in Toronto. The paper examines what diseases and/or viruses are now emerging as a result of their waste management policies and explores the waste disposal alternatives available as the issue of waste management becomes more pressing with the passage of time. The paper is of the opinion that the province of Ontario must begin to pressure citizens and private businesses to focus on diversionary plans for waste and they must start providing citizens and businesses with the resources they need to make these diversionary alternatives a success.
From the Paper
"The relevance of this topic to our own course work can scarcely be exaggerated. For one thing, our focus on the environment has brought home the reality that we must find an adequate way of disposing of our waste or we as Ontarians will be confronted with the degradation of the ecosystem upon which we depend for food and nourishment. More than that, if human beings in the GTA and elsewhere in Canada's most populous province do not find a means of improving their approach to waste disposal, then the health risks to ordinary citizens - not all of whom are polluters or particularly slothful - will grow ever worse. Not least of all, our fragile groundwater reservoirs (a vital component of the hydrological cycle as our October 2 notes clearly reveal) will continue to face contamination - and the sufferings of this generation because of such a development will be met and exceeded by the sufferings of future generations who will be confronted with the grim specter of contaminated water, as well."
| |
|
Global Warming and Canada, 2008.
An analysis of the environmental and political effects of global warming in Canada.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper looks at global warming and its impact, both climactically and politically, upon Canada. In particular, the paper asserts that global warming has impacted Canada's environment in a tangible way and has also transformed Canadian politics - perhaps not for the better. Additionally, the paper examines how global warming is impacting vulnerable wildlife species and aboriginal or native societies in various regions of Canada. Furthermore, the paper looks at global warming's effects upon Canadian politics, with special attention devoted to the charged rhetoric surrounding the issue. The paper concludes that global warming is sharpening the ideological and political divide between those Canadians who believe something drastic needs to be done and those who do not feel so inclined.
From the Paper
"The more temperate Northern Canadian climate also has serious implications for ultraviolet B exposure in Canadian inland waters. Although one recent study suggests that "dissolved organic matter-mediated ultraviolet B exposure" is not a serious problem for those Canadian inland waters that were examined, the same report also found that "optically clear" and at-risk ponds were much more common (perhaps even surprisingly common) in the artic eco-zones - particularly in the Northern artic and in the artic cordillera (Molot et al, 2511-2512). To sum up this entire section, Canada's climate is changing in ways that put many aquatic and terrestrial species in harm's way."
| |
|
Air Pollution in Toronto and Beijing, 2008.
A comparison of solutions to air pollution problems in Toronto and Beijing.
1,649 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper comparatively examines the urban forms of Toronto and those of Beijing in the People's Republic of China. The paper particularly emphasizes the environmental problem of air pollution in both cities. The paper argues that the primary source of Beijing's air pollution today is the city's antiquated dependency upon coal as the fuel of choice for both personal use as well as for the vast industries situated near the city. The paper then shows how the solutions developed for the air pollution problem in Toronto could be applied to Beijing.
From the Paper
"One study of Beijing residents' views on this issue yielded surprising results. It was found that the citizens of Beijing proper (i.e., the core of the city, and its more built-up areas) were willing to pay a proposed tax for a reduction in the air pollution of Beijing. Interestingly enough, however, the case was very different in the suburban areas of the city, where residents were not as willing to pay for better air quality. It should be noted that there was a socio-economic difference between these two groups, with the urban dwellers being of a higher class and economic status. (Wang et al 196)."
| |
|
Urban Pollution in Beijing and Toronto, 2008.
This paper compares the urban pollution problems of Toronto and Beijing by evaluating the consequences of different environmental forms and how each city is addressing this pollution.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that Beijing is very much a heavy industrial city dominated by fuel and material processing facilities with a high population density although signs of western-style suburbanization are appearing. The author points out that Toronto, which is cleaner and less dependent upon massive industrial works, is well-known for carefully weighing the implications of various urban design proposals upon local communities and has a less dense population; however, this city has the problem of more local vehicles causing far too much greenhouse emission. The paper stresses that China is not doing its part to combat global warming. The paper concludes that Beijing's infrastructure pales alongside Toronto's because its mass as a global "mega-city" makes it difficult for city planners to construct a city capable of comfortably accommodating its population.
From the Paper
"At this juncture, it is appropriate to look more closely at Toronto in terms of its urban build form and in terms of commonplace life-style activities in the city that have some environmental impact. Unsurprisingly, the habitation density in the outer part of the city is much lesser than it is within the interior. The buildings are more widely-spaced and more diminutive in height; there are also many plazas and these plazas tend to have small retail stores within their embrace that accommodate almost all of the needs of a local inhabitant. Finally, there is plenty of "green space" in this area."
| |
|
Mega-cities and Air Pollution, 2008.
This paper compares Toronto and Seoul's solutions to their problems of air pollution.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper examines Toronto and Seoul, South Korea and their air pollution problems as a result of growth and development in their respective countries. The paper explains that the main source of air pollution is cars and trucks. The paper also discusses how Toronto has emphasized public transit as a solution, while the government of Seoul has emphasized new technologies and the development of new methods of public transportation.
Outline:
Introduction
Toronto
Seoul
From the Paper
"The city of Toronto, with a population of 2.4 million people, lies at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area; an urban region with a total population of 4.6 million people. When environmental scientists and geographers discuss environmental questions for Toronto it is often necessary to take into consideration the megacity as a whole for issues of pollution and environmental impact are felt region-wide in such a sprawling urban environment. Indeed, as was noted in the urban cross-section that was conducted which compared and contrasted two urban forms in Toronto, the phenomenon of urban sprawl is a primary characteristic of the urban forms in Toronto. Moreover, transportation infrastructures were identified as key determinants of the urban forms in both the northern Toronto and downtown core areas, with the primary difference being the increased role of public transit in the downtown core."
| |
|
Water Safety in Mega Cities, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of unsafe water supplies in the mega cities of the developing world.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article the writer notes that in the early 21st century, the mega cities of the developing world are facing an unprecedented series of environmental pressures. These are all ultimately due to the rapidly accelerating growth and development of such urban areas, whose immense populations and industries are negatively impacting local and regional environments on a significant scale. The writer argues that, while the poor of these cities face many challenges as a result of development - from poor nutrition to poor sanitation, air pollution and housing crises, the unsafe water supplies of these cities is the most urgent problem that they face.
From the Paper
"Scholars studying the issue of safe water supplies in the mega cities of the developing world agree that the nature of this development problem is shaped by its context. In this regard, there are two primary factors that we must consider. First, the development of the mega cities of the developing world is radically different than the development of mega cities in the developed world as in the latter case development was gradual, while in the former it is accelerated. Thus, while cities such as New York had a century to develop water systems to cope with growth, the cities of the developing world have had only a generation. Consider, for example, the fact that the population of Mexico City in 1950 was 3.1 million, and a generation later, in 1980, was 13.4 million. The second primary factor is that while in the developed world mega cities their economies grew in close parallel to the growth of the cities' populations, in the developing world this connection is far more uncertain."
| |
|
ESI and Climate Change, 2008.
This paper discusses the World Economic Forum's environmental sustainability index (ESI) model as a response to climate change.
2,105 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article the writer explains that the environmental sustainability index or ESI is a valuable tool that allows markets and countries to determine where they need to commit additional resources in order to affect positive change and where they are being successful at reducing climate changing activities. The writer notes that Canada has enacted extensive environmental legislation before and, because of its inclusion in the ESI rankings as a regular high-scoring participant, holds this legislation up as a model for other countries to follow. The writer concludes that perhaps one of the greatest uses of the ESI is as a measure or predictor for democratic effectiveness or reform in developing countries because where one sits on the ESI and the given ranking can be used to make certain assumptions about economic status, economic growth, and political reform or need thereof as they relate to direct and indirect impacts on climate change.
Outline:
The World Economic Forum
The ESI
Factors Within the ESI
A Working Model
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Strict adherence to this readily verifiable and repeatable methodology ensures that the figures can be taken at face value without the burden of compiling an independent data set. The rationale for inclusion in the ESI study as discussed above is based on three selected criteria: country size, variable coverage, and indicator coverage. Additionally, when greater cross-referencing is needed to substantiate data or outcomes, predetermined denominators are utilized to facilitate comparisons."
"The leading indicators that are measured in the ESI are separated into five components which together contain twenty-one measured indicators that each relate in some fashion to Parker and Blodgett's lens paradigm."
| |
|
Responses to Global Warming, 2008.
This paper discusses the role of science, knowledge and risk in environmental problems such as global warming.
2,677 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the planet is currently facing the challenge and danger of global warming. The writer maintains that science and technology have brought us to this crisis, in that industrialization has led to global warming. It seems highly likely that we will have to rely on these very same things, i.e. science and technology, to rescue us from the peril we are in due to global warming. Within the ambit of scientific responses to global warming, two basic kinds of response exist: mitigation of global warming, or adaptation to the effects of global warming. This paper examines the research to determine which approach seems more appropriate and useful for saving ourselves from global warming. It recommends that we look to adaptation using science and technology, as mitigation has clearly failed.
Outline:
Abstract
Essay
From the Paper
"Examples include sequestering carbon in trees. This would involve planting a vast number of trees, because trees take in carbon dioxide. They incorporate in into their leaves, roots and stems via photosynthesis. Due to the long life of trees, this would mean that the carbon had been sequestered away from the environment for about 100 years. Another approach is carbon management, in which carbon dioxide emitted during the burning of carbon fuels is caught and then sequestered away from the atmosphere. The question of course is where to store it. One suggestion is to sequester it in the ocean. The problem with this solution is that we do not know what the long-term effects on the ocean would be. In addition, the technologies to capture carbon dioxide emissions are still in the very early stages. Fertilizing the ocean with iron is an innovative idea propounded by an oceanographer in 1987."
|
|
|