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Cosmologies, 1996.
Compares world views, mythologies, origins of universe & human life among Chinese yin-yang school, Amer.-Indians & Mayans.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Different cultures produce their own particular way of structuring the world they see around them. They use religion and ritual to explain, to gain control, and to express their own sense of connectedness to their environment. Pre-scientific societies develop their own mythologies to explain the origin of the universe and of human life. A comparison of three such societies shows how varied these ideas can be, with reference to the Maya, the ancient Chinese, and the Indians of the American southwest.
The New Text School in China was dominant throughout most of the Former Han dynasty and was given its name only later in apposition to the Old Text school, which rose to prominence in the time of Christ and gained ascendance through the Later Han dynasty. By "old" text the name means that the work was written..."
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The Search for Extra-terrestial Intelligence, 1996.
Discusses the history & methods of the Search for Extra-Terrestial Intelligence (SETI). Examines both professional, government funded efforts & private, amateur ones.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"For almost as long as people have studied the sky, the question of whether intelligent beings exist elsewhere has remained. Until recently, only conjecture and flights of imagination provided any answers at all.
Mars, being one of Earth's closer planetary neighbors, often evoked conjecture. In the 1890's the astronomer Percival Lowell misinterpreted the discoveries of a contemporary, Giovanni Schiaparelli, as canals cut into the Martian surface (Blazing a trail to Mars, 97). In 1922, Guglielmo Marconi used a radio receiver aboard his private yacht to listen for broadcasts from Mars (Shostak, 1995, 1). The search for extra terrestrial intelligence has widened considerably since then. Recent..."
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Black Holes, 2002.
An introduction one of space's greatest phenomenons, black holes.
577 words (approx. 2.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 20.95
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Abstract
The paper defines black holes and explains what they are made up of. The paper explores common misconceptions surrounding black holes, as well as other mysteries. Finally the paper examines theories regarding how black holes eventually end.
From the Paper
"Black holes, one of space?s greatest phenomenons, appear to be tremendous concentrations of matter, usually at the center of a galaxy; however, smaller back holes are possible. The matter is in the form of neutrons, protons, and electrons, tightly packed together by their mutual gravitational attraction. The beautifully descriptive name comes from the fact that light cannot exit from a Black hole. They are suspected to form in the death and collapse of a star that began with more than10 times the sun's mass (those with less mass become white dwarfs or neutron stars)."
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Mars Global Surveyor, 2001.
Nature, function & purpose of Mars Observer mission. NASA timeline. Instrumentation. Outline.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The Mars Global Surveyor is an American spacecraft which went into orbit around Mars on September 12, 1997 to conduct a detailed photographic survey of the planet beginning in March 1998. The spacecraft used a formerly untried technique called aerobraking to turn its initially highly elongated orbit into a circular orbit by dipping into the outer atmosphere of the planet. This was a $273 million project that began sending important data about the planet's surface at a quarter of the cost of the Mars Observer mission, which had failed in 1993 (Lawler, 2000).
Mars has long been a particular goal for space exploration. The planet has excited the human imagination, perhaps because of the many literary and dramatic works that suggested civilizations on Mars, and certainly because of the long-ago.."
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Cassini Spacecraft, 2001.
Description & complexity of spacecraft; its characteristics; tests; purpose of probe including outline.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The Cassini spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station using a U.S. Air Force Titan IVB/Centaur launch vehicle. The launch vehicle consisted of a two stage Titan IV booster rocket, two strap on solid rocket motors, the Centaur upper stage, and a payload enclosure or fairing. The complete Cassini flight system included the launch vehicle and the spacecraft, and the spacecraft, in turn, is composed of the orbiter and the Huygens probe. Such a space mission develops from a set of scientific goals, and in this case, science hopes to gain a better understanding of the planet Saturn, its famous rings, its magnetosphere, its principal moon Titan, and its other moons or "icy satellites." There may also be many other benefits, including technology spin offs, international cooperation, and educational motivation for people..."
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Voyager Interstellar Mission, 2001.
Purpose & history of mission. Discoveries of Voyager 1& 2. Modification of original plans. Outline.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"ne of mankind's great dreams is the discovery of other planetary systems and the ability to travel to them, and a first step in fulfilling this dream is the unmanned probe represented by the Voyager Interstellar Mission. This is a difficult mission by any measure. Voyager I was launched September 5, 1977, and after it has been speeding along for more than 20 years, it is now 6.8 billion miles away from Earth traveling at nearly 51,000 miles per hour. In cosmic terms, that is only about 10 light hours away. However, the closest star to Earth is Proxima Centauri, which is 4.3 light years, or 25 trillion miles, away. If Voyager were pointed in the right direction, it is calculated that it would take some 74,000 years to make the trip. However, effective interstellar missions must occur on a human time scale preferably within an individual's lifetime..."
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Hubble Space Telescope, 2001.
History & purpose of space-based observatory. Instrumentation. Projects & discoveries. Outline.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The Hubble Space Telescope is a cooperative program of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the operation of a long lived space based observatory for the benefit of the international astronomical community. The idea was first developed in the 1940s, designed and built in the 1970s and 80s, and made operational only in the 1990s. This was to be a different type of mission for NASA, to create a long term space based observatory. In order to accomplish this goal and to protect the spacecraft against instrument and equipment failures, NASA had always planned on regular servicing missions. The Hubble has special grapple fixtures, 76 handholds, and is stabilized in all three axes. The Hubble is a 2.4 meter reflecting telescope which was deployed in low ..."
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The Challenger Space Shuttle Disaster, 2001.
Looks at the problems and failures in the decision making process that led to the led to the Challenger space shuttle disaster.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"In order for the stakeholders in the shuttle program are to be satisfied that a disaster of the Challenger type will never occur again the decision making process that allowed the disaster must be explored. It is fair to state that certain kinds of decisions that stood on their own merit should no longer have credence.
In the broadest possible sense, despite the tremendous accomplishments of the engineers, scientists, and management involved in the shuttle program, the greatest mistake in respect to Challenger was enthusiasm. The groundwork for any project from ditch-digging to landing a rocket on the moon, must be laid with careful, methodical work that allows for no shortcutting..."
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Benefits of Space Exploration, 2001.
Examines significance of American program to human beings. Discusses history, scientific, technical, social, political and economic issues.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 21 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This research will examine whether space exploration has provided significant benefits to human beings. The plan of the research will be to set forth the scientific and historical context in which the American space-exploration program emerged, and then to discuss the scientific and technical issues relevant to it, as well as social, political, and economic issues. Controversy surrounds evaluation of the wisdom of the space program, and for that reason arguments both in favor of and against the concept and/or execution of the program will be identified. The evidence will be analyzed with a view toward assessing which judgment of the space program appears to be most valid."
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Black Holes, 2002.
A discussion on the existence of black holes.
1,392 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how black holes are created. It studies the ideas of physicist John Mitchell, his discoveries and how Isaac Newton's physics ideas helped lead to his discoveries on black holes. It also covers white dwarfs (stellar corpses), the most famous being Sirius.
From the Paper
"The black hole was first named by the English physicist John Mitchell in 1783, more than two hundred years ago. But what are these black holes? Do they really exist? Based on planet movement studies made by Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler, John Mitchell deduced the existence of a force that made the Sun, the Earth, the Moon and everything contained in the cosmos."
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