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The Planet Jupiter, 2003.
This paper discusses Jupiter, the largest planet in the universe.
2,445 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Jupiter, which has a mass of 1.900e27 kg., has more than twice the mass of all the other planets' masses combined and is over 300 times the mass of the Earth. The author points out that, when observing from Earth, Jupiter can best be seen when it is near its solar opposition, which is where Jupiter and the Earth are both aligned on the same side of the sun; Jupiter rises at Earth's sunset and sets at Earth's sunrise thereby being visible all during the night hours. The paper relates that the first space probe to Jupiter was Pioneer 10 in 1973, followed by Pioneer 11, Voyager 1, Voyager 2 and Ulysses; the spacecraft Galileo is currently orbiting, sending data for at least two more years as it continues to orbit Jupiter.
From the Paper
"Jupiter has a dynamic weather system, indicated by the colorful bands at the latitudes, and the atmospheric clouds and storms. The pattern of the clouds can change within days or hours. The Great Red Spot, which is a complex storm system, moves in a counter-clockwise direction. Found throughout the clouds, with their banded appearance, are smaller storms and eddies. In the storm's center, and near the center, random motions are detected in small amounts, but motions appear to rotate in four to six days near the outer edges."
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Space Shuttle - Unsafe at Any Cost?, 2005.
An exploration of how policy and budgetary considerations have influenced shuttle safety.
2,911 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
The space shuttle program from inception has been challenged by trade-offs. Management at NASA is forced to make difficult decisions regarding schedule and budgets, and some of those decisions aren't proper from an engineering perspective. Due to budgetary constraints and a disconnect between management and sound engineering, the nation has experienced two shuttle tragedies: Challenger and Columbia. This paper attempts to explore the tradeoff and conflict between budget and safety.
Outline
Abstract
Bad Beginnings
Challenger
From Challenger to Columbia
Conclusions
From the Paper
"On January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded 18 miles from its initial launch point at Kennedy Space Center, a mere 73 seconds into its tenth flight. Seen only by launch cameras, intermittent puffs of black smoke escaped the right solid rocket booster (SRB) from .678 until 2.733 seconds into the flight, stopping only to reemerge as a flame another 56 seconds later, and ultimately leading to the destruction of the orbiter. (NASA, 1986) All eight crew members of the Challenger were lost in the explosion and the eight-mile plummet into the Atlantic Ocean."
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Edwin Hubble, 2005.
An analysis of Edwin Hubble's impact on 20th century cosmology and astronomy.
1,229 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper covers Hubble's time and place in his scientific era, a compact biography and a brief explanation of his scientific achievements. It looks at how he discovered that there are more galaxies than just the Milky Way and how he tackled two of the most fundamental questions about the universe, its age and size.
From the Paper
"Born in 1889, Edwin Hubble grew to be a very "large mass of ego," as author Bill Bryson states in A Short History of Nearly Everything (2003) (114). He was born in a small Missouri town on the edge of the Ozarks and grew up in Wheaton, Illinois; on the outskirts of Chicago. His father was a successful insurance executive, so life was always calm and Hubble abiding. Accordingly, Hubble was remarked to be a tough and poised athlete, charismatic, chic, and immensely good-looking-"handsome almost to a fault," in the words of William H. Cropper; as well as "an Adonis" in the words of another admirer (115). These fated gifts were used more or less in constant acts of valor-rescuing drowning swimmers, leading frightened men to safety across the battlefields of France, embarrassing world-champion boxers with knockdown punches in exhibition bouts."
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The Space Race, 2004.
A overview of the history of the space race between the USSR and America.
1,729 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This essay provides a history of the United States' space program and its rationale for beginning such a program. It also gives information on the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to see who would be the first nation to put a man on the moon. It explains that when it looked as if the Soviets were ahead with the launching of the satellite Sputnik, America ultimately pulled through to finish first in the space race.
From the Paper
"The United States's main rationale for carrying out a space exploration program was the rivalry with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Both nations had the desire to demonstrate a technological superiority of one form of government over another: a democratic state versus a communist dictatorship. So after both sides became aware that space flight was possible, the Cold War rivalry was the key that opened the door to aggressive space exploration on both sides."
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Solar Energy, 2004.
An analysis of the potential of solar energy and its use.
2,449 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In order to better understand the issue of solar energy, this paper presents a definition of the terms and concepts relating to solar energy. The paper examines the technologies that are currently used to put solar energy to work. A short historical background on the development of solar technology in the past sixty years is presented. The paper explores the reasons why it is important to develop solar energy and discusses its future costs and benefits.
From the Paper
"Solar energy is radiation from the Sun that can produce heat, generate electricity, or cause chemical reactions. Solar energy is inexhaustible and nonpolluting, but it is not an efficient energy source, since the Earth's atmosphere absorbs or scatters over 50% of incoming solar radiation. Solar collectors collect the radiation and transfer it as heat to a carrier fluid. It can then be used for heating. Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity, by means of the photoelectric effect.
Very often, there is confusion about the various methods used to harness the sun's abundant and clean energy. Energy from the sun can be categorized in two ways: in the form of heat (or thermal energy), and in the form of light energy. Solar thermal technologies use the sun's heat energy to heat substances (such as water or air) for applications such as space heating, pool heating and water heating for homes and businesses. There is a variety of products on the market that utilize thermal energy. Often the products used for this application are called solar thermal collectors and can be mounted on the roof of a building or in some other sunny location. The sun's heat can also be used to produce electricity on a large utility-scale by converting the sun's heat energy into mechanical energy. "
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America?s Space Espionage, 2005.
A report on the book by Philip Taubman "Eisenhower, the CIA, Hidden Story of America?s Space Espionage".
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a report on Philip Taubman's book, "Eisenhower, the CIA, Hidden Story of America's Space Espionage" which gives a view into the leaders', policy makers' and engineers perspectives' of the American space espionage in its infancy.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Eisenhower's Perspective
The CIA's Perspective
Space Age Spying's First Controversy
The Scientist's, Engineer's and Analyst's Perspective
The Terrorism Angle
From the Paper
"This book demands a greater respect for the Central Intelligence Agency. Even in today's intelligence community, many professionals (at least those in military intelligence) are unaware that the CIA was responsible for developing the high-altitude aircraft and satellite imaging systems that they use in their jobs every day. Mr. Taubman's book helps the reader to understand President Eisenhower's participation and endorsement for the development of these reconnaissance craft, and how he overcame various obstructs due to competition between the military services, Congressional budget bickering, and the easily impressionable perspectives of the American people."
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Tycho Brahe and 16th Century Astronomy, 2003.
Examines the influence of Tycho Brahe on astronomy during the Renaissance.
2,364 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
Throughout the course of scientific inquiry, many great men and women have influenced scientific thought. Although their theories don't always agree with one another, their observations are important as they lead to further examination and observations of the natural world. During the great period of history known as the Renaissance, new insights into the universe and stars that surrounded the Earth influenced man's thought as to his position in the World. One such great scientist, an astronomer by the name of Tycho Brahe examined and observed the motions of the planets and stars during the Sixteenth Century. His theories of the Earth's position correspond with those of the religious and scientific ideas of the Renaissance. By studying his life, this paper shows how his method of analysis was influenced by the paradigms of scientific thought during the Renaissance. In addition, this paper shows that Brahe's observations influenced many astronomers and their research at that time and penetrated deeper to influence future astronomers in addition to scientists in other fields.
From the Paper
"In early 1571, Brahe returned to his birth-home where he was called due to his father's illness. After his father died on May 9, 1571, Tycho shared a large inheritance and lordship with his elder brother. He didn't stay long, however, and soon moved to Herrevad where his uncle Steen promised to install a small observatory for Tycho17. On November 11, 1572, in this small observatory, Tycho discovered a new star in Cassiopeia. He continued to observe gradual changes of magnitude of this star during its appearance which lasted sixteen months18. Changing the paradigms of astronomical thought during the Sixteenth century, Tycho proved that it was not a meteor, but instead a real star which was within a region of fixed stars at the end of space."
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Time Travel, 2005.
An examination of the meaning and possibilities of time travel.
969 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of time travel. The paper contends that time travel is possible if it is defined as travel through time zones or on the basis of theories. The paper briefly outlines the theories of Albert Einstein and Kurt Godel regarding this concept. The paper claims that, theoretically speaking, time travel is possible, and within certain limits, we have been able to employ technology to move us between time zones. Whether or not traveling through history is possible is another issue altogether. Its possibilities or impossibilities cannot be judged on the basis of our current technological capacities.
From the Paper
"Time travel is an interesting concept that has inspired numerous science fiction novels, films and television serials. People are always imagining the opportunities that time travel, if ever successfully accomplished, could provide for them, whether financially or intellectually. Were we ever able to travel through time, we could visit ancient lands, collect a few artifacts and then travel back to our time and sell them or, if such travel was possible, we could go back in history and acquire a more accurate understanding of the past, for the sake of academic knowledge. The point is that the very idea of time travel, leads one to think of its numerous applications and positive outcomes. At the same time, few of us actually believe that time travel is possible or that it would ever exist anywhere except in science fiction books, movies and television serials. However, the fact of the matter is that time travel is not necessarily possible or impossible. Our consideration of it as possible or impossible ultimately depends upon our definition of time travel."
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The Time to Come for NASA, 2005.
The future of NASA and the space program of the United States.
2,930 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the history of NASA, starting with the Kennedy administration. It briefly explains the 'firsts' of space exploration: Apollo and Skylab. The writer then discusses the disasters of NASA: Challenger, Columbia, and some Mars missions. It looks at the accomplishments of NASA with technology and at home and ends with the future of NASA with George Bush's Space Boost plan and a conclusion.
From the Paper
"Human curiosity about space has been with man as far back as we can go. Native Americans made names for the constellations. Greece created Gods from them. The technology to get to space was just created in the past fifty years. Some consider Americans lucky to live in a nation, where man can touch the surface of the moon. This feat is mostly thanks to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and their advancements. However, recent polls have shown that interest for NASA is down the list of people's concerns, below crime, energy, and the environment for example. Interest has changed since the Kennedy administration, where shortly after, twelve men walked on the moon in a three and a half year period. NASA is still making advancements, however, in the areas of science, math, astrology, and it's new findings in space. Nevertheless, the public remembers Columbia and Challenger. They also know about the millions of tax dollars being spent each year. Because of this, does NASA have a future? Will it still be around in twenty years? Will our children and their children, still dream of becoming astronauts?"
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Halley's Comet, 2005.
Provides background information about the most well-known comet, Halley's Comet.
1,370 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a discussion about the astronomer who first identified Halley's comet, Edmond Halley, and how he was able to make his observations and identification of the comet. The paper then continues with a look at when Haley's comet was first observed and photographed, a look at how long the comet has been in existence, and a brief discussion of NASA's involvement in studying the comet. The paper concludes with a description of the comet's appearance, composition, density, and orbit.
From the Paper
"A comet is " a small celestial body consisting mostly of dust and gases that moves in an elongated elliptical or nearly parabolic orbit around the sun" (Encyclopedia.com). Comets are rarely visible from the earth, but when they can be seen, their visibility can last anywhere from a few days to a few months (Columbia Encyclopedia). Most comets are invisible to us on earth except when they are near the sun and comets are usually only visible at sunrise or sunset. There have been many comets discovered by astronomers throughout time, but the most well known is "Halley's Comet", also known as Comet Halley."
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