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Art History: (The School of Athens), 2008.
An overview of the Renaissance period in art.
1,260 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and explains the Renaissance period in the history of art. The author also provides a detailed account of Raphael's work: "The School of Athens" and provides ideas and substitutes for his own version of the painting.
From the Paper
"The master introduced the scene inside a temple of Roman inspiration, possibly following the projects of Bramante for the Vatican basilica, linking the idea of the temple of philosophy evocated by Marsilio Ficino. The figures are situated in several groups presided by the two great classic philosophers: Plato and Aristotle, representing the most important ethic doctrines of the Greek world: idealism and realism.
"Both characters dialogue and advance before a group of figures that form a hall. At the left Socrates conversing with a group of young people; on the first place Zeno. Over the steps Heraclites, taking Michael Angelo's figure, probably as homage to the decoration of the Sistine Chapel, Diogenes lying on the steps, Euclid with his disciples, Zoroaster and Ptolemy with the globe of the sky and earth. In those figures they represent the "Trivium" and "Quadrivium"."
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African Rock Art, 2008.
Looks at African rock art as true art.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that African rock art is both art and ethnographic records, created by hunter-gatherers, herders and later farming communities five or six thousand years B.C. The paper relates that rock art includes rock engravings (petroglyphs) and rock paintings (pictographs) depicting comparable themes and images but traditionally present a limited number of details and human figures. The paper describes the techniques used in creating the art and contends that African rock art is art because art is in the perception of an individual. The paper includes color pictures, map and graphs.
Table of Contents:
This is Art?
Ethnographic Records
This is Art
Rock Art Links
The Rock Art Research Institute's Perceptions
This is Art!
Complicated Pictures?
Perceptions
From the Paper
"Ethnographic records or rock art, created by hunter-gatherers, herders, and/or later farming communities, is displayed in the majority of Africa countries. Southern African rock-art, however, traditionally records experiences reflecting the belief systems and rituals of the indigenous people of their particular region. Although a minimum of 14,000 sites are currently on record, more exist, not yet formally recorded and projected to exceed 50,000 sites in the Southern African region."
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The Life of Isadora Duncan, 2008.
This paper discusses the life of Isadora Duncan and looks at her influence in establishing dance as an art form.
1,013 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the name Isadora Duncan stands for freedom of spirit and its universality. She is considered the founder of modern dance philosophy. The writer notes that due to her, among others, at the beginning of the twentieth century, dance became an academic object of study. The writer maintains that it is clear and beyond any doubt that Isadora Duncan brought innovations in the technique of the dance, but furthermore she also changed the role dance played in people's lives all over the world. The writer concludes that one may not have heard about Isadora Duncan, but people all over the world enjoy watching people dance on stage or dancing themselves on the ring dance without knowing that they owe some part of their pleasure to such pioneers as Isadora.
From the Paper
"She lived a tumultuous life, always on the verge, like her dance. She had two unofficial relationships and one child from each of them. She was also married for a short period of time to the Russian poet, Serghei Esenin. Her life was full of terribly tragic, but also happy moments. She made life achievements, founded a dance school that brought her legacy to the next generations and changed dance forever. She danced as she lived: free of any restraints and ready to confront old mentalities and break the rules. She set an example for the women at the beginning of the twentieth century. She dared to go over the limits set by the narrow minded and brought her understanding of art and her talent all over Europe and the USA. She freed dance from the ritualism and the rigid form imposed by ballet and made it regain its natural roots, finding inspiration in the Greek forms of art among others. Nature itself was another of the important sources of inspiration in her work."
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Religious Paintings by Caravaggio, 2008.
An iconological study of five religious paintings by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines religious works by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio: "The Deposition of Christ in the Sepulcher", "Madonna di Loreto", "The Calling of Saint Matthew", "The Martyrdom of Saint Mathew" and "The Crucifixion of Saint Peter". All of these works are oils on canvas and present themes from the New Testament. The author describes each painting, its history, biblical content and the techniques used, which are characteristic of Caravaggio.
Table of Contents:
"The Deposition of Christ in the Sepulcher"
"Madonna di Loreto"
"The Calling of Saint Matthew"
"The Martyrdom of Saint Mathew"
"The Crucifixion of Saint Peter"
From the Paper
"The original commissioner had ordered a more complicated assemble with more display of architecture and a larger number of spectators assisting the scene in terrified impotence. However, Caravaggio managed, after a couple of abandoned attempts, to compact the scene to the most essential elements without losing the dramatic expression its commissioner had requested.
"Affected chiaroscuro gives expression to the moment and brings the scene closer to the viewer, involving them as part of the action."
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Man in a Gray Hat, 2008.
A description of the artist's self portrait "Man in a Gray Hat" by Pierre Daura.
1,243 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper is a critical essay of a self portrait. In analyzing the self portrait "Man in a Gray Hat" by Pierre Daura the viewer can see the entire representation of his rich style. The paper is a discussion of the artist's style and manifestations and artistry in painting and appears to reflect the opinion of the artist himself and the way he would expect others to see him.
From the Paper
"The portrait intends to express the artist disposition in a certain day of his life, although this state of mind is presented more clearly through the elements that compose the environment than the facial expression itself. The interpretation of those feelings can be made in a symbolist way if the viewer examines the rich colors that characterize Daura's work. The saturation of hues used to give the image vigor and life, contrast with the stylization of forms that reveal the personal interpretation of the image. The use of space is rather limited and may even bring a sensation of cloister. The character is not displayed on a wide open stage, but the scene is limited and the personage presented from a close distance that creates an intimate communication between the figure and the perceiving viewer."
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Eastman Kodak Marketing Strategy, 2008.
A discussion on Kodak's marketing strategy in the light of the introduction of digital processing.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper relates the change of photography from paper film to digital processing. Specifically dealing with this subject, the paper relates Kodak's marketing strategy in view of the modernization of picture taking and discusses the risks and opportunities afforded to Kodak.
Outline:
Key Concerns Regarding Kodak's Strategy and Market Structure Changes
Strengths and Weaknesses
Opportunities and Threats
Maintaining a Growth Strategy
Marketing Recommendations
From the Paper
"Secondly, a strength could be also considered Kodak's favorable corporate image (and implicitly a significant brand equity) that results from the values which are said to lead the staff's behaviors ("respect for the dignity of the individual, integrity, trust, credibility, continuous improvement and personal renewal, recognition and celebration"), a transparent management which allows shareholders to have a realistic and up-to-date image of the operations performed, strong Human Resources policies and commitment to the community (http://www.kodak.com/global/en/corp/historyOfKodak/qualityAndEthics.jhtml?pq-path=2217/2687/2694).
Thirdly, the company is renown for its permanent research and development process which is accountable for the numerous and important breakthroughs released on the market. Fourthly, an essential strength is the know how that the company receives due to its external alliances with universities, government laboratories and companies which are considered to be promising in terms of contributing to info imaging breakthroughs (http://www.kodak.com/US/en/corp/kea/index.jhtml?pq-path=2217/9240).
"Unlike strengths, weaknesses seem to be far less numerous. Yet, one could mention the high cost of raw materials which impact prices and implicitly demand (http://www.dpreview.com/news/0009/00092602kodakshares.asp), the huge sums of money claimed by research and development activities and the reputation for being one of the "worst corporate polluters in USA" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodak) which has been somehow softened due to the environmental policies implemented during the last few years."
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Typographic Design, 2008.
Looks at typographic design for the film and computer screen.
4,010 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the historical evolution of typographical design as it has influenced new media technology, including film and computers. The author examines ten historical periods starting in 1900 and ending in 2007. The author expresses that he prefers new type designs that deal with the traditional concerns of legibility, readability, economy, flexibility and transparency.
Table of Contents:
Objective
1900 to 1910 Art Nouveau
1910-1920 "Futurist"
1920-1930 - The Bauhaus Movement
1930-1940 "End of Bauhaus - Typographic Journey"
1940-1950 - Hollywood Film Credits
1960-1970 - Youth Culture & Change
1970-1980 - Experimentation and Weingart
1980-1990- IBM launches PC Typography
1990-2000 - Digital Technology and TrueType Internet and Multimedia
2000- 2007
From the Paper
"Lester Beall is stated to have assisted in launching the modern movement in American design during the decades of the 1920s and 1930s. During the last twenty years of his career, Beal pioneered corporate identities for corporations including Martin Marietta, Connecticut General Life Insurance and International Paper Company. During this time period immigrants that were talented reached America from Europe and American design was known to be: "...pragmatic, intuitive, and more informal in its approach to organizing space.""
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Mario Livio's "The Golden Ratio", 2008.
A review of Mario Livio's book "The Golden Ratio: The Story of Phi, the World's Most Astonishing Number', which chronicles the history of this number.
1,260 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Mario Livio's book "The Golden Ratio: The Story of Phi, the World's Most Astonishing Number", chronicles the history of, not of a person, thing, or concept, but a number. The paper then relates that this number phi, or notion of proportionality or the 'Golden Ratio', however, has been invested with so much cultural, emotional, and religious importance that it has taken on a character of its own. Next, the paper points out that the reason that phi is astonishing is because, for centuries, our fascination with proportion and beauty has made its properties an object of wonder. The paper concludes that, although Livio ultimately deflates the mystery of phi, his book is a helpful explanation not just of the number but also of why balance and symmetry dominates so many modern discussions of art and architecture.
From the Paper
"But ultimately, astrophysicist Mario Livio says that creating this mysterious proportion is no different than a person cutting a piece of string into pieces. While the 'Golden Ratio' appears in many natural phenomena, some supposed appearances are really not true 'Golden Ratios' (such as the Pyramids and Parthenon) and all appearance of perfection is based in human notions of proportionality. It is evidence of humans looking at nature, not that nature or God through nature looking back at us. We see perfection and proportionality because we are looking for it in nature."
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H.E. Huntley's "The Divine Proportion", 2008.
A review of H.E. Huntley's book, "The Divine Proportion", which argues that mathematics can be beautiful.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that H.E. Huntley, in his book "The Divine Proportion" claims that beauty exists as a principle, which is external and transcendent to any individual human being's ability to create either equations or art. The paper also discusses Huntley's arguement that the 'Golden Ratio', also known as phi, is the supreme proof that God is a mathematician and that the mathematician and creator God appreciates nature. The paper concludes that Huntley's book is clearly not aimed at mathematicians, given that he is trying to defend his profession and the beauty of math; however, most people lacking fairly solid math skills would find this book a very difficult read, except for its first and last chapters.
From the Paper
"Huntley's last chapters shift somewhat from the defense of the 'Golden Ratio' as proof of the existence of universal ideals of beauty and proportionality, and moves on into a more general defense of mathematics as a discipline that is in pursuit of beauty no less than sculpture or art. But why does mathematics need to defend itself as beautiful, to hold its place beside art, poetry, and philosophy? The divisions between the disciplines that did not exist for the ancient Greeks say more about the development of our culture into a split between the sciences and the arts than a failure to recognize the capabilities of mathematics' contribution to the world in general."
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Andy Warhol's "16 Jackies", 2008.
This paper discusses how the "16 Jackies" were manipulated by Andy Warhol to portray the emotional detachment of society caused by the mass media.
828 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Andy Warhol helped make viewers aware of the way that modern imaging affects emotive response. The paper shows how Warhol multiplied the poses of Jackie Kennedy in order to illustrate how the images were repetitive and thus desensitized by the mass media.
From the Paper
"The 16 Jackies by Andy Warhol was created after the assassination of John F. Kennedy's assassination in 1963. The 16 images presented in the series are merely reflecting four different poses of Jackie Kennedy before and after the death of her husband, the president. The four images (from top to bottom) reflect Jackie coming into Love Field in Dallas, Texas, after the flight; the next image is Jackie at the swearing in ceremony of Lyndon B. Johnson after JFK's death; Jackie grieving at the capitol; and finally, Jackie smiling in the car right before JFK was assassinated. With each image there are three duplicates that simply follow a repetitious sequence, much like one would see in a film roll. In this manner, the images are stacked upon one another, yet they all reflect a similar pose that depict Jackie at various stages of experience before and after her husband's death."
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