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Architecture in Savannah, Georgia, 2002.
This research paper explores the significance of architecture in the urban renewal and development of Savannah, Georgia. It also includes a historical overview of the city and how urban development came about.
3,983 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a historical analysis of the urban plan for Savannah, Georgia. The writer emphasizes the role that architecture played in the development of the master plan for the city. The discussion begins with a brief history of the city, and then focuses on the creations of the first city planner, George Oglethorpe. The research also discusses how the economy shaped the architectural design of the city. It reviews several different landmarks and explains why there construction influenced urban planning. Finally the writer discusses more recent urban renewal projects and reviews the impact that they may have on the historic district of the city.
From the Paper
"It was believed by the colonists that Georgia would prove to be a profitable colony because of the production of silk and fine wines. Eventually the colonists found that the most profitable area of the colony was at the port of Savannah. In time Savannah became an ideal place for the production of rice, cotton and forest products.
Eventually the city of Savannah was captured by the British in 1778 and it was held by the British until 1782. By 1860 Savannah had began to prosper economically from the production of cotton and was heavily dependent upon slavery. In 1864 Union troops entered the city threatening to destroy it. The troops in Savannah surrendered on Christmas Eve and General William Sherman offered Savannah as a Christmas Gift to President Lincoln. The telegraph that presented the gift read, ?I beg to present you as a Christmas Gift, the City of Savannah with 150 heavy guns and plenty of ammunition; and also about 25,000 bales of cotton.?(War and Occupation) Thought the city was not destroyed the remnants of war caused great turmoil to the economy of the city. However by the 1870?s the city was again benefiting from the production and export of cotton. (War and Occupation)"
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New World Trade Center Designs, 2002.
A look at the various architectural proposals for construction of a memorial site where the World Trade Center once stood.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the finalist proposals for two plans, both of which intend to build the world's tallest buildings, on the World Trade Center site in New York. It also discusses the nine preliminary proposals in which several approaches were suggested to replace the 16-acre site in lower Manhattan, and all included memorials.
From the Paper
"The two firms behind the plans were Libeskind and the international THINK team, led by New York-based architects Rafael Vinoly and Frederic Schwartz. Libeskind's proposal features a 1,776-foot spire overlooking several smaller steel towers. The THINK team proposed two decorative steel towers, reaching 1,655 ft. Both included significant plans for a memorial. The winning design was announced in late February and Libeskind?s plan was the chosen project.
The selected plan for the World Trade Center site includes a museum at the epicenter of the site, as well as two large public spaces dubbed the Park of Heroes and the Wedge of Light, which would be built in such a way that the sun would shine down on them unblocked on the anniversaries of the attack. This is considered one of the most unique memorial proposals in history."
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Design-Build Project Delivery, 2002.
This paper discusses the design-build method of construction whereby a single company is in charge from the projects inception to its completion including planning, design and construction.
2,775 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper, in addition to explaining the design-build method, presents an overview of the history of construction and some of the traditional methods used for bidding on construction projects. The design-build method is ideal for parking garages, hospitals, banks, shopping malls or any other repetitive structural buildings because these types of structures are not architecturally driven and rely on predictable components. The author believes that most developers do not understand or appreciate the full range of benefits that design-build offers them.
From the Paper
"Since developers often choose design-build for accelerated project schedules, contractors need a way to ensure they will have enough skilled workers when they are needed and that they can attract them within the budget that has been established. Design-build project delivery greatly improves constructability and overall worker satisfaction. Many design-builders consult extensively with their subcontractors during the proposal stages and those firms have great sway on how their part of the project will be designed and built. Some union officials see problems with design-build project delivery because they think that this method simply adds one more layer of project management to the process and actually is slower than the design-bid-build delivery method. ?We are at the mercy of the construction manager much more often than before because of design-build,? says Rob Trenkle, director of the construction department of the Laborers International Union of North America. ?When a general contractor is in control of the whole job, there is less confusion and less steps you have to go through.? "
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City Walk, 2002.
This paper argues that, although quasi-public privatized spaces, like Universal City Walk in Los Angeles, show ethnic diversity and do not result in social stratification, they do represent the destruction of democratic public space.
1,590 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although spaces like City Walk do not outright cause social stratification, they do result in segregation and unreal expectations of what public space truly represents. The paper states that a variety of security mechanisms has been put in place to prevent potential criminal activity. The author believes that, although spaces like City Walk may resemble true democratic public spaces, they actually are designed to attract consumers, thereby, automatically filtering out objectionable or disagreeable visitors.
From the Paper
"City Walk was developed and constructed as a safe haven for consumers. The clientele that City Walk attracts is a young, affluent and classy sort with money to spend. Consumers do not feel threatened due to the prevalence of security patrols and surveillance cameras that are posted throughout the park. City Walk, however, excludes an important part of the true urban population, people such as the homeless and perhaps even gang members who would normally be visible in a democratic public space."
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The Effects of Pop Culture on Society, 2002.
A paper which investigates the negative aspects of popular culture on society.
1,369 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
During the fifties, America experienced tremendous growth in many aspects of society. As a result, technological advancements led to sophisticated aspects of American life. Media and advertising became mass media and the invention of the television paved the way to a new generation of communication. The paper shows that a result of this growth, which continues to have an impact on society, was the rise of the ?popular? or mass culture - a movement that utilizes the imagery and techniques of consumerism?. This paper focuses on the negative aspects of popular culture on high culture (and therefore, on society), pointing out more than anything, that it devalues all the finer aspects of society.
From the Paper
"Architecture has also been influenced by what is considered to be modern or pop movements. Buildings constructed in geometric forms ?sheathed in glass and steel? startled people in the fifties. However, the most striking buildings earned ?a well-deserved reputation for innovation and beauty, such as the United Nations complex in New York City. Jackson Polluck, a painter who initially rejected the idea of abstract pop art, became famous for dripping and spattering paint on buildings as opposed to brushing them on. Examples of the outlandish types of buildings created in the name of popular art in the early fifties is a restaurant built in the shape of a hamburger and gas stations built to look like they were flying in the wind (Davidson 1150)."
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Romanesque and Gothic Architecture, 2002.
A comparison of the styles and features of Romanesque and Gothic architecture.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the architectural styles prevalent in Romanesque and Gothic times. It looks at unique characteristics and features of each of these periods and compares the two. It looks at how these two architectural styles were influenced by each other. Some of the famous building and constructions of each period is mentioned and explored - French Gothic cathedral of Notre Dame and the Romanesque style Saint-Sernin Church in Toulouse.
From the Paper
"Romanesque architecture flourished in Western Europe from approximately 1050 to 1200. It was influenced by Roman building techniques, particularly the use of the rounded arch and the grave simplicity and dignityof mood of classical structures. In England, it was frequently called Norman, as it was introduced to Britain by the conquering French in 1066."
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The Architecture of the Maya, 2002.
An examination of the architecture of the Maya and their great contribution to world architecture.
2,888 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination of Mayan architecture which emerged from the rainforests of Guatemala and Yucatan. The writer maintains that the detailed architecture was a fitting monument to the highly sophisticated civilization that existed in the region before the Spanish arrived. This look at the style of Mayan architecture includes a diagram highlighting the areas of construction in Copan. The paper argues that Mayan culture was more than a collection of buildings in that every aspect of architecture was linked to the sacred world around. In conclusion the writer explains that the temple pyramid which symbolizes Mayan architectural skill is also a statement of their cosmographic ideas. Everything has a beginning and end. Everything is the beginning and the end.
From the Paper
"Deep in the tangled rainforests of Guatemala and the Yucatan, the Maya made some of the greatest contributions to world architecture. Their stone cities complete with temples, palaces, tombs, and ball courts are fitting monuments to the complex, and highly sophisticated civilization that existed in these regions many centuries before the arrival of the Spanish. Mayan priest-astronomers made elaborate calculations to catalog the passage of time. Great warrior kings immortalized themselves and their deeds on stelae, recording for future generations the contributions they had made toward maintaining the cosmic order. The Maya were the only Pre-Columbian people to ever have invented a complete system of writing".
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The Arch, 2002.
A discussion of the architecure of the arch.
610 words (approx. 2.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper examines arches, one of the most common and familiar architectural formations to the eye whether outside a building or in the shape of a bridge. It looks at how arches are generally of three types, rounded, pointed and segmental and evaluates their structural advantages. The robust nature of masonry in constructing arch structures is illustrated by the longevity of the many ruins in Britain, many dating from the dissolution of the monasteries. It shows how arches have also been much used in modern architecture, usually in public buildings, such as the Sydney Opera house, where a striking appearance combined with strong acoustical support is critical.
From the Paper
"Arches are also evident in doorways, forming the curved top to a door or an open entryway. An entryway that is not supporting a wall is obviously less in need of material reinforcement than one bearing down a wall. A rounded arch shape, rather than a square shape always provides more support and reinforcement than a straight edge, because the pressure is distributed across more pressure points along the curved as opposed to a straight edged entry structure. This is one reason why a rounded shape is so popular for entryways. (Durkin ?Architectural Terms?)"
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Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris, 2002.
Examining the history of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris and what impact Victor Hugo's book "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" had on its revival.
951 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the impressive 700 year history of the famous Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris. It examines the origins of its construction and how architectural tastes have changed over time, influencing different improvements made to the building. It links this history to the novel written by Hugo known as "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" and how through his novel, the Cathedral became famous again. It shows that through this fame, the Cathedral was given a face-lift.
From the Paper
"More than seven hundred years old, the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris exemplifies Gothic architecture. Those who visit it cannot fail to be awed at the magnificent structure, which bears her history proudly, now restored to her former grandeur. Many millions of people in the last century have never set foot in its soaring halls, yet they feel that they know it, because they have read Victor Hugo?s monumental novel, Notre Dame de Paris, or The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The Cathedral inspired Hugo to write his moving book, but the book in turn provided an incentive for the Cathedral to be restored from the ravages of the past. The histories of building and book are intertwined."
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St Sernin Church, 2002.
A look at the St. Sernin Church in Toulousee and the role it played in Christian pilgrimages.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly examines various facets relating to the St Cernin Church, located in Toulouse, France. It provides historical data about where and when the Church was built and looks at some famous people linked to the Church such as Saint Thomas Aquinas. It shows the role the Church played in the Crusades and other historical facts.
From the Paper
"The St. Sernin Church in Toulouse, France was built between 1080 and 1120 A.D. and is considered an exquisite medieval monument to the architecture of the Romanesque period (French Architecture 2002). The Basilica of St. Sernin was consecrated on July 8th, 1097 by Urban II, after it was restored by the canon, St. Raymond (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14795b.htm). The first bishop of Toulouse, Saint Saturnin, who was martyred in 250 A.D. is emtombed at the Basilica (Lowry 84).?"
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