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Teotihuacan, Ancient Mexico, 2004.
This paper discusses the architecture of Teotihuacan, one of the largest urban centers of the ancient world.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the city of Teotihuacan was situated in the Valley of Mexico, about 50 kilometers to the northeast of modern Mexico City, which began its growth between 200 and 100 B.C., and by around 150 A.D., had an estimated population of over 125,000 people, covering an area of more than 20 square kilometers. The author points out that the geographic location of Teotihuacan provided resources of obsidian and other materials suitable for building, ornamentation, and trade. The paper relates that the surviving buildings of Teotihuacan are of an austere design, using expressive planar surfaces and massive architectonic volumes; the temples are seen as artificial mountains, connecting the people of the city to the sky as the home of the gods and affirming their centrality in the universe. Illustrations.
From the Paper
"The surviving evidence for the city reveals a planned metropolis, with extensive and wide streets and avenues, very large buildings, and regions of religious, administrative and industrial constructions as well as extensive housing. Teotihuac?n reached its peak of size and power between circa 150 A.D. and 700 A.D., the ?Classic? period of Mesoamerican civilization during which period it extended its influence throughout Mesoamerica. It has been called ?the dominant Middle American site of the first half of the Classic era.? "
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Firefighters and Skyscrapers, 2004.
An overview of firefighters concerns over the design and construction of high-rise buildings.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to examine why firefighters have voiced concerns regarding the ever-increasing size of skyscrapers. In particular, it looks at how, when the World Trade Centre Twin Towers, which were at the time two of the world's tallest buildings, were completely destroyed by a terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, the event should have raised enough doubt and questions about the future of high-rise safety to put an end to the construction of skyscrapers; yet, after September 11th, the world?s demand for newer and taller structures continued to dramatically increase.
Outline
Table of Content
Introduction
Twin Towers of New York
Building Construction Trends
Truss Construction
Firefighters Structural Analysis
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
From the Paper
"The steel trusses that supported the flooring either melted or simply buckled which in turn released each upper floor down on the next below it and eventually falling completely to the ground. In other words, as the trusses failed, the concrete-slab floors literally plunged downward. When the two jets struck the buildings, the fact that they hit near the towers? tops, the weight of the floors became a force the buildings could not withstand. Although the towers went up easily utilizing these techniques, they were also the eventual cause of the buildings quick demise. The Twin Towers? radically different structural design created a situation where the load-bearing walls simply could not support the weight of the floors."
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Urban Sprawl, 2005.
Report on Thomas L. Daniel's book about urban sprawl in America, "When City and Country Collide: Managing Growth in the Metropolitan Fringe".
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the key themes and findings within Daniel's book and discusses the relationship between Daniel's book and "Managing Urban America" by David R. Morgan and Robert E. England. The paper also highlights the strengths and weakness of the book and concludes with an overall positive review.
From the Paper
"In When City and Country Collide: Managing Growth in the Metropolitan Fringe, Thomas L. Daniels describes the recent emergence of the rural-urban fringe in a diversity of cities across the United States. Throughout the book, Daniels develops his thesis that the urban fringe has expanded in recent years as residential and commercial development in cities has boomed, and that growth management must be used in order to contain the growth of the urban-rural fringe. Simply put, the urban fringe is that land that is at the border or the urban and rural landscape, taking the place of what was once the suburbs. Pressures from urban development have pushed away traditionally rural industries like mining, agriculture and forestry. The result is the rural-urban fringe, land that sits in the middle between urban development and the rural countryside."
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The Florence Baptistery North Doors, 2004.
An overview of the history behind the design of the north doors of the Florence Baptistery (1400-24).
2,010 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455) was a many-sided Renaissance figure; he was a bronze-caster, sculptor, goldsmith, draughtsman, architect, writer, and historian. Among his most celebrated surviving works are the bronze doors he created for the Baptistery of the Cathedral in Florence. This discusses the circumstances in which Ghiberti secured and completed the commission to design the north doors of the Baptistery (1400-24) and analyzes their composition and character. Ghiberti?s work in Florence is then compared to that of Gianlorenzo Bernini at the Baroque church of Sant? Andrea al Quirinale, Rome (1658-70).
From the Paper
"In late 1400 the officials of the Cloth-Dealers and Refiners? Guild of Florence (the Arte di Calimara) announced a competition to design a set of doors for the Baptistery of the Cathedral. The Baptistery is a very old structure, the primary elements of which probably date to the seventh and eight centuries AD. The exterior covering of marble was constructed in the twelfth century and stood as an exemplar of architectural elegance and harmony. The Baptistery, which is a free-standing octagonal building located in the Piazza San Giovanni at the western end of the Cathedral, has three doors opening to the north, south and east. In the 1330s Andrea Pisano had completed a set of bronze doors for the southern entrance, and the Guild sought to complete the project by fitting similar doors, in bronze and decorated with reliefs, to the other two entrances."
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Fire Safety Management, 2005.
An examination the most critical components of fire safety management.
4,950 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper explores several key concepts related to Fire Safety Management. Specifically, the paper looks at the following concepts in greater detail: Fire protection/suppression systems, building construction, exit drill in the home (EDITH), and other home safety programs.
Introduction
Fire Protection/Suppression Systems
Building Construction ? Fire Proofing
Triangle Shirtwaste Factory Fire 1911
EDITH ? Exit Drills in the Home ? Home Safety Programs
The ?Science? Behind Fire Safety and Protection
Prevention
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper
"Planning and preparation are often the key to safety in the event of a fire or any other emergency. The lessons learned in an emergent situation are often critical to prevention of damage in future emergencies. Fire protection and suppression systems were created with safety in mind; these systems fulfill some basic needs including detection, notification and suppression of fires. Alarm systems are obviously structured to notify occupants of a building in the event that a fire occurs. They also serve to summon the assistance of firefighters should an emergent situation occur. Alarm systems were not always required in commercial manufacturing plants. A majority of older structures in fact had very few protective structures in place to ensure the safety of occupants and firefighters. These standards have changed however in contemporary times. Use of fire alarm systems often goes hand in hand with fire suppression systems, which act to reduce the severity of a fire once started. In some instances, in the case of a small fire, a fire suppression system may be all that is necessary to put a fire out."
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The Iconostasis, 2004.
This paper discusses the iconostasis, a feature of church architecture, which developed during the Byzantine period and later in Russia.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the most unique and forthright features of the Greek Church, the iconostasis, a screen running from wall-to-wall and decorated with icons, is the prime causal factor to differentiate the architecture of a Greek Orthodox church from Roman and Latin churches. The author points out that the most frequently used icon in the sketch of the Greek Byzantine iconostasis is ?The Crucifix with Mary and John?, whereas, the most frequent icon in the sketch of the Russian Orthodox iconostasis is a simple cross at the top.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Emergence of the Iconostasis as a Consistent Theme in Byzantine Orthodox Churches
Influences that Impacted the Emergence of the Iconostasis in the East Orthodox Churches
Salient Features of the Greek Orthodox Churches and How Their Iconostasis Spread to Russia
Listing [by Frequency] of Icons in the Sketch of the Greek Byzantine Iconostasis
Russian Iconostasis of the Orthodox Church Established during the 17th?19th Centuries
Listing [by Frequency] of Icons in the Sketch of the Russian Orthodox Iconostasis
The Relevance of Iconoclasts as Perceived by St. John of Damascus and Pavel Florensky
Conclusion (s)
From the Paper
"It would also be noteworthy to here acknowledge that even before being influenced by oriental trends in concern to the iconostasis early Greek Churches had a minor fence about waist high or lower, that divided the altar from the people. Naught more than an essential barrier or columns, it was common for this fence to be adorned with pictures of the saints at the top. This barrier, invariably comprised of columns at the top of which the pictures were affixed, can be idealized as the first instance of the iconoclast within the interior of the church. Gradually and eventually, the iconostasis evolved from a rather unexceptional separating fence into a ?a great screen or partition running from side to side of the apse or across the entire end of the church?. The iconostasis eventually came to completely obscure the altar as well as the sanctuary from the portion of the church where the worshippers are located. Solid materials, such as stone, wood and metal began to be employed in the construction of iconostasis and the final version, which is still seen today, had three doors within it. The center door, known as the royal door, leads directly to the altar while the doors to the right and left are respectively the deacon's door and the door leading to the area of the preparation of liturgy."
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Starbucks' Coffee Shops, 2004.
This paper discusses the design of Starbucks Coffee Company?s coffee shops.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that marketing professionals use store design, including music, color schemes, placement of products, and placement of advertised in-store specials, to create an ambiance that compels people to purchase their products and services. The author points out that the Starbucks coffee shop store design, which is of the utmost importance to the company, uses a terra cotta color scheme, reminiscent of coffee shops in Milan, Italy, to create a feeling of relaxation and quality. The paper relates that the company has a store design team consisting of 80 individuals that oversees store designs in various regions around the country and throughout the world; only people who have actually worked behind the counter at a Starbucks store are allowed to be embers of this team.
From the Paper
"The design of a full sized Starbucks coffee shop is usually open, very clean and inviting. The smell of the coffee is enticing and the menu that is available to customers is extensive and contains several types of coffee. In recent years, Starbucks has tried to make the process of purchasing coffee more convenient with the advent of the Starbucks Card. With the Starbucks card customers can prepay for purchases, which makes the experience more time effective and convenient for customers."
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Office Market Analysis of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2005.
A market analysis of office space in Philadelphia and its surrounding suburbs.
1,551 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a market analysis of Philadelphia to determine the condition of the local economy, the competitive supply and demand, and what the overall current and future market will be for Class B office space in Philadelphia. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"On the one hand, the economic changes that have shaped Philadelphia since the end of World War II have created a process of decentralization of commercial and residential locations. This decentralization has inordinately affected the minorities in the city, with a large segment of the black population becoming more concentrated in many of the city?s neighborhoods to the extent that segregation is more pronounced today than at any time during the last half century (Adams et al. 1991). On the other hand, Philadelphia has enjoyed explosive growth in commercial office construction that has dramatically changed the appearance of the Philadelphia skyline in just a few years."
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The Hyatt Walkway Collapse, 2004.
A report of the collapse of the Hyatt Regency walkway in Kansas City.
893 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the parties involved in the collapse of the Kansas City Hyatt Regency walkway. The paper presents each responsible party and discusses the role each played and the degree of their guilt in this tragedy.
From the Paper
"Additionally, the engineering firm?s original designed was unable to support the minimum support value required by the Kansas City Building Code. This was a minimum of 151 kN, while the original design was capable of supporting only 90 kN. It was clear that the engineering firm involved was either incompetent or plain stupid, since the difference between the required minimum and the actual minimum in the original design is huge."
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The Theater of Dionysus, 2004.
This paper discusses the ancient Greek theater and the area in which the drama was presented called the Theater of Dionysus.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the evolution of theater in Greece may be linked directly to the festivals of Dionysus, the Grecian god of wine and misrule. The author points out that Greek theaters, including the theater of Dionysus, were not free-standing works of architecture, but rather they were built into hills in amphitheater forms. The theaters of Lycurgus replaced the original wood of the Dionysus theater with stone, reaffirming the importance of theater in the city of Athens' civic and religious life, which continued well into Hellenistic times, culminating in the Romans' added changes to the structure and including the addition of the Bema.
Table of Contents
History of Theater in Ancient Greece
Architecture of Greek Theaters
Parodos
Bema of Phaidros
The Central Section
Marble Throne of the Priest of Dionysus Eleutherios and Other Priests' Seats
Skene
The Stoa on the South Side of Skene
From the Paper
"The parodos of the Theater of Dionysus was a gangway leading into the orchestra over which chorus and actors made their entrances. There are two parodoi, one on each side of the orchestra. Parodos was also the name of the song chanted by the chorus as they entered the orchestra at the beginning of the play. This is another indication of the fusion of the role of ritual, the role of the chorus, and the role of architecture in early Greek theater."
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