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Mesopotamian and Egyptian Art, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts the art and architecture of Mesopotamia and Egypt.
801 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the art and architecture of both Mesopotamia and Egypt are similarly drawn from their environment, geographical characteristics, climate and natural resources. The paper explains how Mesopotamians benefited from their natural wealth, while the Egyptians focused on their classic achievement, the pyramids. The paper notes that basic differences include the subjugated expressions of Mesopotamian art and architecture on account of their subjugation to other peoples, who envied their natural resources. On the other hand, the paper shows how Egyptian art and architecture document their uniqueness in every feature of the tombs, reliefs and statutes they built for their kings.
From the Paper
""Mesopotamia" is the Greek word for "between the rivers" and refers to that region between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers, presently occupied by Iraq, Turkley and Syria (Delahunt 2006). The region was occupied in ancient times by many groups, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, Amorites, Kassites, Persians, Greeks, and Chaldeans. They passed their powers on to the Arabs, who now occupy current-day Mesopotamia. There is little rainfall in this region and access to the two rivers has been difficult. People in the region have built dams and grew food in the rich soil. They built
canals in order to distribute scanty water, an activity, which united them. They also invented the plough to raise their cattle and sheep."
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Gothic Architecture, 2006.
A review of the urban planning of medieval towns.
1,517 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at gothic architecture and the urban planning of medieval towns, focusing specifically on Mont- Saint-Michel on the islet of Mont Tombe. According to the paper, aside from the intrinsic military value of Mont-Saint-Michel, the place served also as a social, cultural and political arena.
From the Paper
"Of particular interest in the study of Gothic architecture is the structure standing tall on the islet of Mont Tombe - Mont-Saint-Michel. Before understanding the architectural wonder of this sacred shrine, one must first know the history relevant not only to the place itself but in most areas during the Medieval Period. Since this era has been considered fraught with battles and warfare, building of churches, cathedrals or any holy place at that time was not only in consideration of the religious fervour but in deference to military strategies as well. Religious structures did not serve only as places of worship but of defense or withstanding of attacks from marauding invaders. Mont-Saint-Michel is by any means not an exception since aside from serving the spiritual needs of the inhabitants; its military value was very much taken into consideration."
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Organic Architecture, 2007.
A discussion of organic architecture and the benefits of its use.
828 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the use of organic architecture allows man and nature to live side by side in a cohesive manner. The paper shows how organic architecture benefits society by its aesthetic looks and preservation of natural resources. The paper discusses how preserving resources is now necessary not only from an aesthetic point of view but also from a practical need standpoint for future generations. The paper includes a photo of the famous Fallingwater design, an example of the use of organic architecture.
Outline:
Introduction
What It Is
How It Benefits Society
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since the beginning of time mankind has searched out ways to live in harmony with nature. Whether it was using products that are environmentally friendly, being careful not to destroy resources that can be left alone or blending in to the scenery to create atheistic environments mankind has tried to maintain a peaceful partnership with nature. The use of organic architecture allows man and nature to live side by side in a cohesive manner."
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"Wave Hill", 2006.
An artistic view of "Wave Hill" and the Hudson River School.
2,558 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Wave Hill, a nineteenth century mansion set invitingly among trees and flowers in the northwest Bronx, looking out over the sparkling Hudson River and beyond, toward the towering cliffs of the Palisades. According to the paper, Wave Hill is among the last survivors of the great houses that once lined the banks of the Hudson from the Island of Manhattan to far upstate.
From the Paper
"Others, including one of Wave Hill's most famous guests/residents, Theodore Roosevelt, took away a different, and more wide-reaching, message from the Hudson River School's attempts to capture nature in her glory and decline. The Roosevelt Family rented Wave Hill for a number of summers in the 1870s. Thus, the house was familiar to Theodore Roosevelt as a young man. Clearly, its beautiful setting helped to shape his adult views in regard to the natural world. Theodore Roosevelt would later travel widely in the United States, and around the globe, visiting many remote places hardly touched by the hands of human beings. On his journeys, Roosevelt witnessed nature in all her purity, in places that most residents of gigantic cities, like New York, would never visit. Though these locations were far from the ever-expanding realm of industries, and hundreds or even thousands of miles away from the dark and crowded tenements of Manhattan and Brooklyn, Roosevelt realized that they represented an aspect of the Earth that needed to be preserved. Roosevelt, schooled literally in the lessons of Wave Hill, and growing up in the shadow of the Hudson River School, would become a leading advocate of the Conservation Movement. "
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The History of Skyscrapers, 2007.
A look at Manhattan's golden age of skyscrapers; 1910 to 1930.
3,153 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the skyscrapers of Manhattan were built for several reasons, including limited land, but also to show off power and wealth. The paper discusses how many skyscrapers there were in Manhattan by 1930 and whether there were concerns expressed about the impact of skyscrapers on the city and its people. The paper looks at how land values were affected by the boom in Manhattan skyscrapers and explores what it was like to work on the skyscrapers in Manhattan in the early 1900s. The paper notes that urban America will likely never see an architectural explosion like that again.
Outline:
How Many Skyscrapers Were There in Manhattan by 1930?
Were There Concerns Expressed about the Impact of Skyscrapers on the City and its People?
How Were Land Values Affected by the Boom in Manhattan Skyscrapers? What Was it Like to Work on the Skyscrapers in Manhattan in the Early 1900s?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The skyscrapers of Manhattan were built for several reasons; the most pragmatic reason of course, was that the New York City (Manhattan) land area was very limited, and buildings had nowhere to go but up. Other pivotal reasons for the emergence of skyscrapers, according to author Karen Barss (www.infoplease.com), include these: "...big buildings have been used to show off power and wealth"; there has been shown in cities a need to "...stretch the limits of what's possible"; and there was a sense of "competition among owners, families, architects, and builders.""
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The Achievements of Luis Barragan, 2007.
This paper looks at the legendary architecture of Luis Barragan, a Mexican architect.
4,064 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Luis Barragan is famous for his architecture that seeks to use light, water and open natural spaces in order to portray the Mexican culture in a contemporary, but non-conforming way. The paper relates that one of the crowning achievements for Barragan was winning the international Pritzker Prize for Architecture in 1980. The paper explains Barragan's objectives of blending his surroundings within their natural element, adding bright colors to enhance the setting, having beautiful serene gardens in which the resident's could enjoy life and always having his designs show their Latin American connections.
From the Paper
"Luis Barragan's development and reformulation of Mexican architecture was an endless artistic search for a contemporary expression of Mexican culture" (Underwood). Beginning in the 1920's and continuing all the way until Barragan's death in 1988, his quest for this contemporary expression led him to many different countries, cultures and to interact with many different people from various walks of life, especially those individuals who were artistic or were, themselves, striving to leave their artistic mark on society. Barragan was able to accomplish that objective which is evident by the works of architecture he left behind."
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The Baroque Era, 2006.
A review of the Baroque era of music, art and architecture.
1,165 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the era known as Baroque. This era was the time period between 1600 and 1750. The paper discusses how the Baroque era is generally associated with extravagant and ornamented art, music, architecture and styles. According to the paper, "Baroque" means "curious, odd, or strange" in French.
From the Paper
"Baroque music was the period of musical styles that preceded the Classical Music Era, and followed the music of the Renaissance. The majority of what people today will refer to as "Classical Music" actually originated during the Baroque period. Composers from this period include J.S. Bach, George Friedrich Handel, Antonio Vivaldi, and Claudio Monteverdi, some of the most commonly known "household names" in Classical Music. Important innovations were made in music of this time period, such as music theory, diatonic tonality, and the development of imitative counterpoint (Wikipedia "Baroque Music"), so while the music of this era, like the visual art, is known for its ornamental showmanship, it is also vitally important to the development of serious Western music. Like Renaissance music, Baroque music uses a lot of polyphony and counterpoint, but in the Baroque era these same concepts were used in a different way as " the order of these consonances becomes important, for they begin to be felt as chords in a hierarchical, functional tonal scheme." (Wikipedia "Baroque Music") The role of ornamentation increased during the Baroque era and then diminished come the following Classical Era, and the role of the counterpoint which was important during the Baroque Era was also faded out when the Classical Era began. Vocal soloists, dramatic music expression, opera, clear and linear melody, development to modern Western tonality using major and minor scales, and homophony are among other features that typify the music of the Baroque era. Music was also an integral part of theater -- such as the introduction and popularity of opera -- and dance which were popular during the Baroque Era."
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"Taliesin West", 2007.
An analysis of the architectural principles of Frank Lloyd Wright's "Taliesin West," as viewed by Andrea Palladio.
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Frank Lloyd Wright's home and studio, entitled "Taliesin West," as seen through the eyes and artistic principles of the Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio. The paper describes the building and then discusses how Wright's use of asymmetry and rough-hewn materials would not appeal to Palladio's architectural principles.
From the Paper
"It might be objected that Palladio was not entirely anti-natural in his material and design and thus may have objected less strenuously to Wright's work than might be alleged. It is true gardens were important to Palladio's works, and the outdoors and the space of the composition are integrated into many of Palladio's designs. However, in balancing the relationship between the exterior and the interior, proportionality was always key, as was to make the Roman designs seem spacious and airy. His most famous work, the Palazzo Godi at Lonedo (1540) above all makes use of a balanced composition of mass, is dignified in detail, and uses the light and the space in a way that draws attention to the architect's fundamental design, not causes the gazer to look differently at the natural world. To gaze upon Wright's "Taliesin West" changes not simply one's view of what architecture should accomplish--one never looks at nature the same way again, either. One sees human dwellings at one with nature, rather than resisting its effects, as was common in classical and Renaissance works of architecture."
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Persian and Greek Architecture, 2007.
A comparison of Persian (Achaemenid period) and Classical Greek
architecture.
1,368 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the architecture of two ancient civilizations, the Persians and the Greeks. The paper examines the architecture of Pasargadae, the metropolis that became a dynastic symbol of power and reverence following the establishment of the great complex at Persepolis during the reign of Darius I between 521 and 486 B.C.E. The paper explores how the architectural styles of the Achaemenid period are comparable to those found in ancient Greece, especially during the Classical period. The paper details the structure of the Parthenon.
From the Paper
"Architecturally, the buildings of Pasargadae were constructed at varying distances from each other with the major palaces built in a huge walled complex irrigated by water channels. The main palace of Cyrus could be entered through a monumental gateway with carvings of winged bulls on either side. Within this compound, two rectangular structures with columned porches and an immense internal area filled with more columns could be found, all composed of black and white limestone (Pope, 1965, 85). The reliefs which have remained suggests that the figures represented the apotropaic monsters of Assyrian origin; others included the heads of lions, horses and goats. Overall, the mud-brick walls were painted, possibly with diagonal stripes and spirals or red, blue and white."
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Art Museum, 2007.
A discussion about various mediums of artwork, their history and where they can be found today.
2,818 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper describes many pieces of art that were selected because of unique aspects they brought to the world of art. The paper discusses the history of each piece of art and where it can be found today. It concludes by discussing why each piece was chosen for this paper and looks briefly into cross-cultural currents and trans-historical connections.
Table of Contents:
Classical Greek
Hellenistic Art
Etruscan Civilization Art
Republican Rome
Roman Empire
Islamic Civilization Art
Early Chinese
Japanese Civilizations
Gothic
Late Middle Ages
Baroque
Summary
Cultural Cross-currents
Trans-historical Connections
From the Paper
"Each piece in the museum collection was selected because of unique aspects it brought to the world of art. The Aphrodite of Arles, the first piece in the museum, had a dramatic and lasting impact on Western Art. It was the first depiction of a nude female sculpture and set the standard of the female nude in Western Art. The Aphrodite of Arles paved the way for the second piece in the collection, the Aphrodite of Melos. The Aphrodite of Melos is probably the most famous piece in the collection. She was chosen for her beauty. The Aphrodite of Melos may be the best example of Hellenistic sculpture, or possibly the best example of any classical art form. However, the Aphrodite of Melos was also chosen because of the power of propaganda; her enduring popularity owes as much to an intense French publicity campaign as to her true artistic merit. I chose the Cenatur from Vulci, Nenfro, because of its contrast with the two other Greco-Roman sculptures in the collection. Not only is the Cenatur male, he is also made of stone. The coarseness of his material increases the contrast between the Cenatur and the smoothness of the marble Aphrodite sculptures."
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